Attributive Clauses

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）

1.    关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

关系代词: who, whose, whom, which, that

 

充当主语:Is he the man who/that wants to see you.

充当宾语:He is the man who/that I saw yesterday.

  充当定语:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

  充当定语:Please pass me the book whose(of which) cover is yellow.

           ※用作定语, 若指物, whose可以同of which互换

 

2.    关系副词引导的定语从句

  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

  关系副词: when, where, why

 

  充当状语:This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

  充当状语:I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

 

用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.

不及物动词则要求用关系副词(when, where, why) 充当状语；

及物动词后面无宾语时用代词(who, whose, whom, which, that) 充当主语、宾语、定语成分.

 

(×)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

(○)This is thee mountain village which I visited last year.(充当宾语)

(×)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

(○)I will never forget the days which I spent in the countryside. (充当宾语)

3. 介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可同关系副词when和where 互换。

      This is the house where I lived two years ago.

      This is the house in which I lived two years age.

      Do you remember the day when you joined our job?

      Do you remember the day on which you joined our job?

 

4. as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As me know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.

The Sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

 

5.关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况
　　a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
　　　 (错)　The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
　　b) 介词后不能用。
　　　　 We depend on the land from which we get our food.
　　　　 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
　　a)　在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
　　b)　在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
　　c)　先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。　
　　d)　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
　　e)　先行词既有人，又有物时。

   举例：
　 All that is needed is a supply of oil.
　 所需的只是供油问题。
　 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.　
　 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察