java代码实现文件上传到本地服务器文件夹的详细步骤

不会理财的程序员不是好摄影师

已于 2022-02-07 20:07:30 修改

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分类专栏： java常用文章标签： java spring 开发语言

于 2022-01-28 16:34:15 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ChunwaiLeung/article/details/122733082

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首先配置yml相关参数(文件保存路径以及文件大小限制)

spring:
  servlet:
    multipart:
      max-request-size: 1000MB #最大请求文件的大小
      max-file-size: 1000MB #设置单个文件最大长度
      file-size-threshold: 1000MB #当文件达到多少时进行磁盘写入

file:
  mac:
    path: ~/file/
    avatar: ~/avatar/
  linux:
    path: /home/chunwai/file/
    avatar: /home/chunwai/avatar/
  windows:
    path: C:\Users\lion\Desktop\download\
    avatar: C:\Users\lion\Desktop\download\
  # 文件大小 /M
  maxSize: 1000
  avatarMaxSize: 1000

接着导入相关的配置工具类

文件参数工具类:

@Data
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "file")
public class FileProperties {

    /** 文件大小限制 */
    private Long maxSize;

    /** 头像大小限制 */
    private Long avatarMaxSize;

    private ElPath mac;

    private ElPath linux;

    private ElPath windows;

    public ElPath getPath(){
        String os = System.getProperty("os.name");
        if(os.toLowerCase().startsWith(MyConstant.WIN)) {
            return windows;
        } else if(os.toLowerCase().startsWith(MyConstant.MAC)){
            return mac;
        }
        return linux;
    }

    @Data
    public static class ElPath{

        private String path;

        private String avatar;
    }
}

相关常量工具类:

public class MyConstant {

    /**
     * win 系统
     */
    public static final String WIN = "win";

    /**
     * mac 系统
     */
    public static final String MAC = "mac";

统一异常处理工具类:

@Getter
public class BadRequestException extends RuntimeException{

    private Integer status = BAD_REQUEST.value();

    public BadRequestException(String msg){
        super(msg);
    }

    public BadRequestException(HttpStatus status, String msg){
        super(msg);
        this.status = status.value();
    }
}

文件工具类:



public class FileTool extends FileUtil {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FileTool.class);

    /**
     * 系统临时目录
     * <br>
     * windows 包含路径分割符，但Linux 不包含,
     * 在windows \\==\ 前提下，
     * 为安全起见 同意拼装 路径分割符，
     * <pre>
     *       java.io.tmpdir
     *       windows : C:\Users/xxx\AppData\Local\Temp\
     *       linux: /temp
     * </pre>
     */
    public static final String SYS_TEM_DIR = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + File.separator;
    /**
     * 定义GB的计算常量
     */
    private static final int GB = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
    /**
     * 定义MB的计算常量
     */
    private static final int MB = 1024 * 1024;
    /**
     * 定义KB的计算常量
     */
    private static final int KB = 1024;

    /**
     * 格式化小数
     */
    private static final DecimalFormat DF = new DecimalFormat("0.00");

    public static final String IMAGE = "图片";
    public static final String TXT = "文档";
    public static final String MUSIC = "音乐";
    public static final String VIDEO = "视频";
    public static final String OTHER = "其他";


    /**
     * MultipartFile转File
     */
    public static File toFile(MultipartFile multipartFile) {
        // 获取文件名
        String fileName = multipartFile.getOriginalFilename();
        // 获取文件后缀
        String prefix = "." + getExtensionName(fileName);
        File file = null;
        try {
            // 用uuid作为文件名，防止生成的临时文件重复
            file = new File(SYS_TEM_DIR + IdUtil.simpleUUID() + prefix);
            // MultipartFile to File
            multipartFile.transferTo(file);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
        return file;
    }

    /**
     * 获取文件扩展名，不带 .
     */
    public static String getExtensionName(String filename) {
        if ((filename != null) && (filename.length() > 0)) {
            int dot = filename.lastIndexOf('.');
            if ((dot > -1) && (dot < (filename.length() - 1))) {
                return filename.substring(dot + 1);
            }
        }
        return filename;
    }

    /**
     * Java文件操作 获取不带扩展名的文件名
     */
    public static String getFileNameNoEx(String filename) {
        if ((filename != null) && (filename.length() > 0)) {
            int dot = filename.lastIndexOf('.');
            if ((dot > -1) && (dot < (filename.length()))) {
                return filename.substring(0, dot);
            }
        }
        return filename;
    }

    /**
     * 文件大小转换
     */
    public static String getSize(long size) {
        String resultSize;
        if (size / GB >= 1) {
            //如果当前Byte的值大于等于1GB
            resultSize = DF.format(size / (float) GB) + "GB   ";
        } else if (size / MB >= 1) {
            //如果当前Byte的值大于等于1MB
            resultSize = DF.format(size / (float) MB) + "MB   ";
        } else if (size / KB >= 1) {
            //如果当前Byte的值大于等于1KB
            resultSize = DF.format(size / (float) KB) + "KB   ";
        } else {
            resultSize = size + "B   ";
        }
        return resultSize;
    }

    /**
     * inputStream 转 File
     */
    static File inputStreamToFile(InputStream ins, String name){
        File file = new File(SYS_TEM_DIR + name);
        if (file.exists()) {
            return file;
        }
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            os = new FileOutputStream(file);
            int bytesRead;
            int len = 8192;
            byte[] buffer = new byte[len];
            while ((bytesRead = ins.read(buffer, 0, len)) != -1) {
                os.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            CloseUtil.close(os);
            CloseUtil.close(ins);
        }
        return file;
    }

    /**
     * 将文件名解析成文件的上传路径
     */
    public static File upload(MultipartFile file, String filePath) {
        Date date = new Date();
        SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddhhmmssS");
        String name = getFileNameNoEx(file.getOriginalFilename());
        String suffix = getExtensionName(file.getOriginalFilename());
        String nowStr = "-" + format.format(date);
        try {
            String fileName = name + nowStr + "." + suffix;
            String path = filePath + fileName;
            // getCanonicalFile 可解析正确各种路径
            File dest = new File(path).getCanonicalFile();
            // 检测是否存在目录
            if (!dest.getParentFile().exists()) {
                if (!dest.getParentFile().mkdirs()) {
                    System.out.println("was not successful.");
                }
            }
            // 文件写入
            file.transferTo(dest);
            return dest;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 导出excel
     */
    public static void downloadExcel(List<Map<String, Object>> list, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        String tempPath = SYS_TEM_DIR + IdUtil.fastSimpleUUID() + ".xlsx";
        File file = new File(tempPath);
        BigExcelWriter writer = ExcelUtil.getBigWriter(file);
        // 一次性写出内容，使用默认样式，强制输出标题
        writer.write(list, true);
        SXSSFSheet sheet = (SXSSFSheet)writer.getSheet();
        //上面需要强转SXSSFSheet  不然没有trackAllColumnsForAutoSizing方法
        sheet.trackAllColumnsForAutoSizing();
        //列宽自适应
        writer.autoSizeColumnAll();
        //response为HttpServletResponse对象
        response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet;charset=utf-8");
        //test.xls是弹出下载对话框的文件名，不能为中文，中文请自行编码
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=file.xlsx");
        ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
        // 终止后删除临时文件
        file.deleteOnExit();
        writer.flush(out, true);
        //此处记得关闭输出Servlet流
        IoUtil.close(out);
    }

    public static String getFileType(String type) {
        String documents = "txt doc pdf ppt pps xlsx xls docx";
        String music = "mp3 wav wma mpa ram ra aac aif m4a";
        String video = "avi mpg mpe mpeg asf wmv mov qt rm mp4 flv m4v webm ogv ogg";
        String image = "bmp dib pcp dif wmf gif jpg tif eps psd cdr iff tga pcd mpt png jpeg";
        if (image.contains(type)) {
            return IMAGE;
        } else if (documents.contains(type)) {
            return TXT;
        } else if (music.contains(type)) {
            return MUSIC;
        } else if (video.contains(type)) {
            return VIDEO;
        } else {
            return OTHER;
        }
    }

    public static void checkSize(long maxSize, long size) {
        // 1M
        int len = 1024 * 1024;
        if (size > (maxSize * len)) {
            throw new BadRequestException("文件超出规定大小");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 判断两个文件是否相同
     */
    public static boolean check(File file1, File file2) {
        String img1Md5 = getMd5(file1);
        String img2Md5 = getMd5(file2);
        if(img1Md5 != null){
            return img1Md5.equals(img2Md5);
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 判断两个文件是否相同
     */
    public static boolean check(String file1Md5, String file2Md5) {
        return file1Md5.equals(file2Md5);
    }

    private static byte[] getByte(File file) {
        // 得到文件长度
        byte[] b = new byte[(int) file.length()];
        InputStream in = null;
        try {
            in = new FileInputStream(file);
            try {
                System.out.println(in.read(b));
            } catch (IOException e) {
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            return null;
        } finally {
            CloseUtil.close(in);
        }
        return b;
    }

    private static String getMd5(byte[] bytes) {
        // 16进制字符
        char[] hexDigits = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'};
        try {
            MessageDigest mdTemp = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
            mdTemp.update(bytes);
            byte[] md = mdTemp.digest();
            int j = md.length;
            char[] str = new char[j * 2];
            int k = 0;
            // 移位 输出字符串
            for (byte byte0 : md) {
                str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>> 4 & 0xf];
                str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];
            }
            return new String(str);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 下载文件
     *
     * @param request  /
     * @param response /
     * @param file     /
     */
    public static void downloadFile(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, File file, boolean deleteOnExit) {
        response.setCharacterEncoding(request.getCharacterEncoding());
        response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream(file);
            response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + file.getName());
            IOUtils.copy(fis, response.getOutputStream());
            response.flushBuffer();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        } finally {
            if (fis != null) {
                try {
                    fis.close();
                    if (deleteOnExit) {
                        file.deleteOnExit();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static String getMd5(File file) {
        return getMd5(getByte(file));
    }
}

业务层代码(可根据自己情况修改):

我的思路是文件上传成功后返回文件具体路径给前端,控制层直接调用该方法即可。

@Override
    public String uploading(MultipartFile multipartFile) {
        FileTool.checkSize(properties.getMaxSize(), multipartFile.getSize());
        String suffix = FileTool.getExtensionName(multipartFile.getOriginalFilename());
        String type = FileTool.getFileType(suffix);
        File file = FileTool.upload(multipartFile, properties.getPath().getPath() + type +  File.separator);
        if(ObjectUtil.isNull(file)){
            throw new BadRequestException("上传失败");
        }
        return file.getPath();
    }