前言:实际开发中,利用自定义注解+AOP实现接口限流
第一步:引入guava依赖包
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>30.1-jre</version>
</dependency>
第二步:加入AOP依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>
第三步:自定义限流注解
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.METHOD})
@Documented
public @interface Limit {
/**
* 资源的key,唯一
* 作用:不同的接口,不同的流量控制
*/
String key() default "";
/**
* 最多的访问限制次数
*/
double permitsPerSecond () ;
/**
* 获取令牌最大等待时间
*/
long timeout();
/**
* 获取令牌最大等待时间,单位(例:分钟/秒/毫秒) 默认:毫秒
*/
TimeUnit timeunit() default TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
/**
* 得不到令牌的提示语
*/
String msg() default "系统繁忙,请稍后再试.";
}
第四步:使用AOP切面拦截限流注解
@Slf4j
@Aspect
@Component
public class LimitAop {
/**
* 不同的接口,不同的流量控制
* map的key为 Limiter.key
*/
private final Map<String, RateLimiter> limitMap = Maps.newConcurrentMap();
@Around("@annotation(com.jianzh5.blog.limit.Limit)")
public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable{
MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
Method method = signature.getMethod();
//拿limit的注解
Limit limit = method.getAnnotation(Limit.class);
if (limit != null) {
//key作用:不同的接口,不同的流量控制
String key=limit.key();
RateLimiter rateLimiter = null;
//验证缓存是否有命中key
if (!limitMap.containsKey(key)) {
// 创建令牌桶
rateLimiter = RateLimiter.create(limit.permitsPerSecond());
limitMap.put(key, rateLimiter);
log.info("新建了令牌桶={},容量={}",key,limit.permitsPerSecond());
}
rateLimiter = limitMap.get(key);
// 拿令牌
boolean acquire = rateLimiter.tryAcquire(limit.timeout(), limit.timeunit());
// 拿不到命令,直接返回异常提示
if (!acquire) {
log.debug("令牌桶={},获取令牌失败",key);
this.responseFail(limit.msg());
return null;
}
}
return joinPoint.proceed();
}
/**
* 直接向前端抛出异常
* @param msg 提示信息
*/
private void responseFail(String msg) {
HttpServletResponse response=((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getResponse();
ResultData<Object> resultData = ResultData.fail(ReturnCode.LIMIT_ERROR.getCode(), msg);
WebUtils.writeJson(response,resultData);
}
}
第五步:给需要限流的接口加上注解
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/limit")
public class LimitController {
@GetMapping("/test2")
@Limit(key = "limit2", permitsPerSecond = 1, timeout = 500, timeunit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,msg = "当前排队人数较多,请稍后再试!")
public String limit2() {
log.info("令牌桶limit2获取令牌成功");
return "ok";
}
@GetMapping("/test3")
@Limit(key = "limit3", permitsPerSecond = 2, timeout = 500, timeunit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,msg = "系统繁忙,请稍后再试!")
public String limit3() {
log.info("令牌桶limit3获取令牌成功");
return "ok";
}
}
第六步:体验效果
通过访问测试地址: http://127.0.0.1:8080/limit/test2,反复刷新并观察输出结果:
正常响应时:
{"status":100,"message":"操作成功","data":"ok","timestamp":1632579377104}
触发限流时:
{"status":2001,"message":"系统繁忙,请稍后再试!","data":null,"timestamp":1632579332177}