51nod 1184 第N个质数（二分+大区间求素数模板）

第1个质数是2，第3个质数是5，给出一个数N，求第N个质数。

Input
输入1个数N(1 <= N <= 10^9)
Output

输出第N个质数。

思路：二分套求素数个数模板。

代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
#include <set>
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
using namespace std;
const int N = 5e6 + 2;
bool np[N];
int prime[N], pi[N];

int getprime()
{
    int cnt = 0;
    np[0] = np[1] = true;
    pi[0] = pi[1] = 0;
    for(int i = 2; i < N; i++)
    {
        if(!np[i]) prime[++cnt] = i;
        pi[i] = cnt;
        for(int j = 1; j <= cnt && i * prime[j] < N; j++)
        {
            np[i * prime[j]] = true;
            if(i % prime[j] == 0)   break;
        }
    }
    return cnt;
}
const int M = 7;
const int PM = 2 * 3 * 5 * 7 * 11 * 13 * 17;
int phi[PM + 1][M + 1], sz[M + 1];
void Init()
{
    getprime();
    sz[0] = 1;
    for(int i = 0; i <= PM; i++)
        phi[i][0] = i;
    for(int i = 1; i <= M; i++)
    {
        sz[i] = prime[i] * sz[i - 1];
        for(int j = 1; j <= PM; j++)
            phi[j][i] = phi[j][i - 1] - phi[j / prime[i]][i - 1];
    }
}
int sqrt2(LL x)
{
    LL r = (LL)sqrt(x - 0.1);
    while(r * r <= x)   ++r;
    return int(r - 1);
}
int sqrt3(LL x)
{
    LL r = (LL)cbrt(x - 0.1);
    while(r * r * r <= x)   ++r;
    return int(r - 1);
}
LL get_phi(LL x, int s)
{
    if(s == 0)  return x;
    if(s <= M)  return phi[x % sz[s]][s] + (x / sz[s]) * phi[sz[s]][s];
    if(x <= prime[s]*prime[s])   return pi[x] - s + 1;
    if(x <= prime[s]*prime[s]*prime[s] && x < N)
    {
        int s2x = pi[sqrt2(x)];
        LL ans = pi[x] - (s2x + s - 2) * (s2x - s + 1) / 2;
        for(int i = s + 1; i <= s2x; i++) ans += pi[x / prime[i]];
        return ans;
    }
    return get_phi(x, s - 1) - get_phi(x / prime[s], s - 1);
}
LL getpi(LL x)
{
    if(x < N)   return pi[x];
    LL ans = get_phi(x, pi[sqrt3(x)]) + pi[sqrt3(x)] - 1;
    for(int i = pi[sqrt3(x)] + 1, ed = pi[sqrt2(x)]; i <= ed; i++)
        ans -= getpi(x / prime[i]) - i + 1;
    return ans;
}
LL lehmer_pi(LL x)
{
    if(x < N)   return pi[x];
    int a = (int)lehmer_pi(sqrt2(sqrt2(x)));
    int b = (int)lehmer_pi(sqrt2(x));
    int c = (int)lehmer_pi(sqrt3(x));
    LL sum = get_phi(x, a) + (LL)(b + a - 2) * (b - a + 1) / 2;
    for (int i = a + 1; i <= b; i++)
    {
        LL w = x / prime[i];
        sum -= lehmer_pi(w);
        if (i > c) continue;
        LL lim = lehmer_pi(sqrt2(w));
        for (int j = i; j <= lim; j++)
            sum -= lehmer_pi(w / prime[j]) - (j - 1);
    }
    return sum;
}

int main()
{
    Init();
    LL n, ca = 1;
    while(cin >> n && n)
    {
        LL l = 1, r = 1e11, ans;
        while(l <= r)
        {
            LL mid = (l+r)/2;
            if(lehmer_pi(mid) >= n)
                r = mid-1, ans = mid;
            else l = mid+1;
        }
        printf("%lld\n", ans);
    }
    return 0;
}