[leetcode][math] Add Binary

题目：

Given two binary strings, return their sum (also a binary string).

For example,
a = "11"
b = "1"
Return "100".

class Solution {
public:
    string addBinary(string a, string b) {
        //两个字符串从后向前扫描，相加，结果按低位优先存放，反转res使结果按高位优先存放
//       if(a.empty()) return b;//若其中一个串为空，则结果等于另一个串
//       if(b.empty()) return a;
        string res;
        int ia = a.size()-1, ib = b.size()-1;
        int carry = 0;
        while(ia >= 0 && ib >= 0){//相加
            int tmp = (a[ia]-'0')+(b[ib]-'0')+carry;
            res.push_back(tmp%2 + '0');
            carry = tmp >> 1;
            --ia; --ib;
        }
        //处理a或b的剩余高位
        while(ia >= 0){
            int tmp = a[ia]-'0'+carry;
            res.push_back(tmp%2 + '0');
            carry = tmp >> 1;
            --ia;
        }
        while(ib >= 0){
            int tmp = b[ib]-'0'+carry;
            res.push_back(tmp%2 + '0');
            carry = tmp >> 1;
            --ib;
        }
        if(carry) res.push_back(carry+'0');//最后存在进位
        reverse(res.begin(), res.end());//反转res使结果按高位优先存放
        return res;
    }
};