📝【Python开源】打造高颜值桌面便签工具：Tkinter实现智能提醒+任务管理（附完整源码）
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🌟 概述：为什么我们需要一个桌面便签工具？
在快节奏的现代生活中，高效的任务管理成为提升生产力的关键。市面上的待办事项应用虽然功能丰富，但往往存在以下痛点：
- 需要联网使用，隐私性差
- 界面复杂，启动缓慢
- 无法深度自定义功能
本文将带你用Python的Tkinter库开发一款轻量级桌面便签工具，具备以下亮点功能：
- 📅 日期分组管理
- ⏰ 智能提醒系统
- ✅ 任务完成状态追踪
- 🎨 简洁美观的UI设计
- 💾 本地化数据存储
（开发环境：Python 3.8+，无需额外安装库）
🛠️ 核心功能实现详解
1. 整体架构设计
class TodoApp:
def __init__(self, root):
self.tasks_by_date = {} # 按日期分组的任务字典
self.group_states = {} # 分组展开状态
self.create_widgets() # 初始化UI
self.load_tasks() # 加载本地任务
self.check_alarms_on_startup() # 启动时检查提醒
self.update_time() # 实时时钟
2. 智能提醒系统实现
核心算法通过比较当前时间与预设提醒时间实现精准提醒：
def set_alarm_timer(self, alarm_time, alarm_message, task_text, add_time, date):
delay = (alarm_time - datetime.now()).total_seconds() * 1000
self.root.after(int(delay), lambda: self.show_alarm(...))
def check_alarms_on_startup(self):
# 启动时检查所有未完成任务的提醒时间
for date in self.tasks_by_date:
for task in self.tasks_by_date[date]:
if task[4] != "无" and not task[1]:
alarm_time = datetime.strptime(task[4], "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
if alarm_time <= datetime.now():
self.show_alarm(...)
3. 任务状态管理逻辑
当用户标记任务完成时，系统会进行时间校验：
def update_completion_time(self, var, time_label, task_text, add_time, date):
if var.get(): # 如果标记为完成
completion_time = datetime.now()
# 检查提醒时间是否晚于完成时间
if alarm_time > completion_time:
var.set(False) # 取消完成状态
messagebox.showinfo("提示", "提醒时间晚于完成时间...")
4. 数据持久化方案
采用CSV格式存储任务数据，每行包含：
任务内容,完成状态,添加时间,完成时间,提醒时间,提醒信息
读写实现：
def load_tasks(self):
if os.path.exists('tasks.csv'):
with open('tasks.csv', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
for row in reader:
# 解析每行数据...
def save_tasks(self, silent=False):
with open('tasks.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
for date in self.tasks_by_date:
for task in self.tasks_by_date[date]:
writer.writerow(list(task))
🎨 UI设计技巧与优化
1. 现代化界面布局
![界面结构图]
主界面结构：
- 顶部：标题+实时时钟
- 中部：输入框+添加按钮
- 底部：带滚动条的任务显示区域
2. 交互细节优化
# 平滑滚动实现
def _on_mousewheel(self, event):
self.canvas.yview_scroll(int(-1*(event.delta/120)), "units")
# 分组折叠功能
def toggle_group(self, date, button):
self.group_states[date] = not self.group_states.get(date, True)
self.refresh_display()
3. 颜色方案
| 元素 | 颜色值 | 用途 |
|---|---|---|
| 背景色 | #f0f0f0 | 主窗口背景 |
| 任务卡片 | #fafafa | 任务项背景 |
| 完成文本 | #2E7D32 | 已完成任务文字 |
| 未完成文本 | #757575 | 未完成任务文字 |
💡 功能扩展思路
-
云同步功能
- 添加Dropbox/Google Drive API支持
- 实现多设备同步
-
分类标签系统
def add_tag(self, task_id, tag_name):
# 为任务添加彩色标签
pass
-
数据统计分析
- 使用matplotlib生成任务完成率图表
- 导出周报/月报
-
快捷键支持
self.root.bind('<Control-n>', lambda e: self.add_task())
self.root.bind('<Control-s>', lambda e: self.save_tasks())
运行效果
🏆 项目总结与收获
通过本项目的开发，我们掌握了：
- Tkinter高级组件的综合运用
- Python时间处理的最佳实践
- 状态管理与数据持久化方案
- 用户体验优化的具体方法
遇到的典型问题及解决方案：
- 问题：滚动区域内容更新时闪烁
- 解决：使用Canvas+Frame组合代替直接滚动Frame
- 问题：提醒时间与完成状态冲突
- 解决：添加时间逻辑校验
📥 完整源码获取
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
import csv
import os
from datetime import datetime
class TodoApp:
def __init__(self, root):
self.root = root
self.root.title("桌面便签工具")
self.root.geometry("390x600")
self.root.configure(bg="#f0f0f0")
self.tasks_by_date = {}
self.group_states = {}
self.create_widgets()
self.load_tasks()
self.check_alarms_on_startup()
self.update_time() # 启动时间更新
def create_widgets(self):
# 标题
title_label = tk.Label(self.root, text="待办事项", font=("SimSun", 16, "bold"), bg="#f0f0f0", fg="#333333")
title_label.pack(pady=10)
# 输入框架
input_frame = tk.Frame(self.root, bg="#f0f0f0")
input_frame.pack(pady=5)
# 当前时间显示
self.time_label = tk.Label(input_frame, text="", font=("SimSun", 12), bg="#f0f0f0", fg="#333333")
self.time_label.pack(pady=(0, 5))
# 输入框
self.entry = tk.Entry(input_frame, width=40, font=("SimSun", 12), bd=2, relief="flat")
self.entry.pack(pady=(0, 5)) # 修改为垂直布局
self.entry.focus_set()
# 添加按钮
add_button = tk.Button(input_frame, text="添加", command=self.add_task,
font=("SimSun", 10), bg="#4CAF50", fg="white", bd=0, padx=10, pady=5)
add_button.pack() # 放在输入框下方
# 任务显示框架
self.task_frame = tk.Frame(self.root, bg="#ffffff", bd=1, relief="solid")
self.task_frame.pack(pady=10, padx=10, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.task_frame, bg="#ffffff", highlightthickness=0)
self.scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(self.task_frame, orient="vertical", command=self.canvas.yview)
self.scrollbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
self.canvas.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
self.canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self.scrollbar.set)
self.inner_frame = tk.Frame(self.canvas, bg="#ffffff")
self.canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self.inner_frame, anchor="nw")
self.inner_frame.bind("<Configure>", lambda e: self.canvas.configure(scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox("all")))
self.canvas.bind_all("<MouseWheel>", self._on_mousewheel)
def update_time(self):
"""更新当前时间显示"""
current_time = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
self.time_label.config(text=f"当前时间: {current_time}")
self.root.after(1000, self.update_time) # 每秒更新一次
def _on_mousewheel(self, event):
self.canvas.yview_scroll(int(-1 * (event.delta / 120)), "units")
def toggle_group(self, date, button):
is_expanded = self.group_states.get(date, True)
self.group_states[date] = not is_expanded
button.config(text=f"{'▼' if not is_expanded else '▶'} {date}")
self.refresh_display()
self.save_tasks(silent=True)
def update_completion_time(self, var, time_label, task_text, add_time, date):
alarm_time_str = "无"
alarm_message = "无"
for task in self.tasks_by_date[date]:
if task[0] == task_text and task[2] == add_time:
alarm_time_str = task[4]
alarm_message = task[5]
break
if var.get():
completion_time = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
if alarm_time_str != "无":
try:
alarm_time = datetime.strptime(alarm_time_str, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
completion_datetime = datetime.strptime(completion_time, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
if alarm_time > completion_datetime:
var.set(False)
messagebox.showinfo("提示", f"任务 '{task_text}' 的提醒时间晚于完成时间，已取消完成状态并保留提醒")
completion_time = "未完成"
time_label.config(text=f"添加时间: {add_time}\n完成时间: {completion_time}", fg="#757575")
for i, (t_text, _, a_time, _, at, am) in enumerate(self.tasks_by_date[date]):
if t_text == task_text and a_time == add_time:
self.tasks_by_date[date][i] = (task_text, False, add_time, completion_time, at, am)
self.set_alarm_timer(alarm_time, alarm_message, task_text, add_time, date)
break
self.save_tasks(silent=True)
self.refresh_display()
return
except ValueError:
pass
time_label.config(text=f"添加时间: {add_time}\n完成时间: {completion_time}", fg="#2E7D32")
for i, (t_text, _, a_time, _, at, am) in enumerate(self.tasks_by_date[date]):
if t_text == task_text and a_time == add_time:
self.tasks_by_date[date][i] = (task_text, True, add_time, completion_time, at, am)
break
else:
time_label.config(text=f"添加时间: {add_time}\n完成时间: 未完成", fg="#757575")
for i, (t_text, _, a_time, _, at, am) in enumerate(self.tasks_by_date[date]):
if t_text == task_text and a_time == add_time:
self.tasks_by_date[date][i] = (task_text, False, add_time, "未完成", at, am)
if alarm_time_str != "无":
try:
alarm_time = datetime.strptime(alarm_time_str, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
if alarm_time > datetime.now():
self.set_alarm_timer(alarm_time, alarm_message, task_text, add_time, date)
except ValueError:
pass
break
self.save_tasks(silent=True)
self.refresh_display()
def edit_task(self, task_text, add_time, date, label):
edit_window = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
edit_window.title("编辑任务")
edit_window.geometry("300x100")
edit_window.configure(bg="#f0f0f0")
tk.Label(edit_window, text="任务内容:", bg="#f0f0f0").pack(pady=5)
entry = tk.Entry(edit_window, width=40, font=("SimSun", 11))
entry.pack(pady=5)
entry.insert(0, task_text)
def save_edit():
new_text = entry.get().strip()
if new_text:
for i, (t_text, completed, a_time, c_time, at, am) in enumerate(self.tasks_by_date[date]):
if t_text == task_text and a_time == add_time:
self.tasks_by_date[date][i] = (new_text, completed, a_time, c_time, at, am)
break
self.refresh_display()
self.save_tasks(silent=True)
edit_window.destroy()
else:
messagebox.showwarning("警告", "任务内容不能为空！")
tk.Button(edit_window, text="保存", command=save_edit, bg="#4CAF50", fg="white", bd=0).pack(pady=5)
# 删除功能2025.4.2已修改
def delete_task(self, task_text, add_time, date):
if messagebox.askyesno("确认", "确定删除此任务吗？"):
for i, (t_text, _, a_time, _, _, _) in enumerate(self.tasks_by_date[date]):
if t_text == task_text and a_time == add_time:
del self.tasks_by_date[date][i]
break
if not self.tasks_by_date[date]:
del self.tasks_by_date[date]
del self.group_states[date]
self.refresh_display()
self.save_tasks(silent=True)
def add_task(self):
task_text = self.entry.get().strip()
if task_text:
add_time = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
date = add_time.split()[0]
if date not in self.tasks_by_date:
self.tasks_by_date[date] = []
self.group_states[date] = True
self.tasks_by_date[date].insert(0, (task_text, False, add_time, "未完成", "无", "无"))
self.refresh_display()
self.entry.delete(0, tk.END)
self.save_tasks(silent=True)
else:
messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请输入任务内容！")
def set_alarm(self, task_text, add_time, date):
alarm_window = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
alarm_window.title("设置提醒")
alarm_window.geometry("400x300")
alarm_window.configure(bg="#f0f0f0")
tk.Label(alarm_window, text="提醒日期 (格式: YYYYMMDD, 留空默认当天):", bg="#f0f0f0").pack(pady=5)
date_entry = tk.Entry(alarm_window, width=40, font=("SimSun", 11))
date_entry.pack(pady=5)
tk.Label(alarm_window, text="提醒时间 (格式: HHMMSS或HHMM, 无秒默认为00):", bg="#f0f0f0").pack(pady=5)
time_entry = tk.Entry(alarm_window, width=40, font=("SimSun", 11))
time_entry.pack(pady=5)
tk.Label(alarm_window, text="提醒信息:", bg="#f0f0f0").pack(pady=5)
message_entry = tk.Entry(alarm_window, width=40, font=("SimSun", 11))
message_entry.pack(pady=5)
def save_alarm():
alarm_date_str = date_entry.get().strip()
alarm_time_str = time_entry.get().strip()
alarm_message = message_entry.get().strip()
if not alarm_date_str:
alarm_date_str = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d")
try:
if len(alarm_time_str) == 4:
alarm_time_str += "00"
alarm_datetime_str = f"{alarm_date_str} {alarm_time_str}"
alarm_time = datetime.strptime(alarm_datetime_str, "%Y%m%d %H%M%S")
if alarm_time < datetime.now():
messagebox.showwarning("警告", "提醒时间不能早于当前时间！")
return
for i, (t_text, completed, a_time, c_time, _, _) in enumerate(self.tasks_by_date[date]):
if t_text == task_text and a_time == add_time:
if completed and c_time != "未完成":
completion_datetime = datetime.strptime(c_time, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
if alarm_time > completion_datetime:
completed = False
c_time = "未完成"
messagebox.showinfo("提示", f"任务 '{task_text}' 的提醒时间晚于完成时间，已取消完成状态")
self.tasks_by_date[date][i] = (task_text, completed, add_time, c_time,
alarm_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), alarm_message)
break
if not completed:
self.set_alarm_timer(alarm_time, alarm_message, task_text, add_time, date)
self.save_tasks(silent=True)
self.refresh_display()
alarm_window.destroy()
except ValueError:
messagebox.showwarning("警告", "时间格式不正确，请使用 YYYYMMDD HHMMSS 或 YYYYMMDD HHMM 格式！")
tk.Button(alarm_window, text="保存", command=save_alarm, bg="#4CAF50", fg="white", bd=0).pack(pady=5)
def set_alarm_timer(self, alarm_time, alarm_message, task_text, add_time, date):
delay = (alarm_time - datetime.now()).total_seconds() * 1000
self.root.after(int(delay), lambda: self.show_alarm(alarm_message, task_text, add_time, date))
def show_alarm(self, alarm_message, task_text, add_time, date):
for task in self.tasks_by_date[date]:
if task[0] == task_text and task[2] == add_time and not task[1]:
messagebox.showinfo("提醒", f"任务: {task_text}\n信息: {alarm_message}")
break
def check_alarms_on_startup(self):
current_time = datetime.now()
for date in self.tasks_by_date:
for i, (task_text, completed, add_time, completion_time, alarm_time_str, alarm_message) in enumerate(self.tasks_by_date[date]):
if alarm_time_str != "无":
try:
alarm_time = datetime.strptime(alarm_time_str, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
if completed and completion_time != "未完成":
completion_datetime = datetime.strptime(completion_time, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
if alarm_time > completion_datetime:
self.tasks_by_date[date][i] = (task_text, False, add_time, "未完成", alarm_time_str, alarm_message)
messagebox.showinfo("提示", f"任务 '{task_text}' 的提醒时间晚于完成时间，已取消完成状态")
if alarm_time <= current_time:
self.show_alarm(alarm_message, task_text, add_time, date)
else:
self.set_alarm_timer(alarm_time, alarm_message, task_text, add_time, date)
elif not completed:
if alarm_time <= current_time:
self.show_alarm(alarm_message, task_text, add_time, date)
else:
self.set_alarm_timer(alarm_time, alarm_message, task_text, add_time, date)
except ValueError:
continue
self.refresh_display()
self.save_tasks(silent=True)
def create_task_frame(self, task_text, completed, add_time, completion_time, date):
task_frame = tk.Frame(self.inner_frame, bg="#fafafa", bd=1, relief="solid", padx=8, pady=8)
var = tk.BooleanVar(value=completed)
checkbox = tk.Checkbutton(task_frame, variable=var, bg="#fafafa")
checkbox.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 5))
content_frame = tk.Frame(task_frame, bg="#fafafa")
content_frame.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X, expand=True)
label = tk.Label(content_frame, text=task_text, font=("SimSun", 11, "bold"),
bg="#fafafa", fg="#333333", wraplength=300, justify="left")
label.pack(anchor="w")
alarm_time = "无"
alarm_message = "无"
for t in self.tasks_by_date[date]:
if t[0] == task_text and t[2] == add_time and len(t) >= 6:
alarm_time = t[4]
alarm_message = t[5]
break
time_text = f"添加时间: {add_time}\n完成时间: {completion_time if completed else '未完成'}"
if alarm_time != "无" and not completed:
time_text += f"\n提醒时间: {alarm_time}\n提醒信息: {alarm_message}"
time_label = tk.Label(content_frame, text=time_text,
font=("SimSun", 9), bg="#fafafa",
fg="#2E7D32" if completed else "#757575",
height=4, justify="left")
time_label.pack(anchor="w", pady=2)
button_frame = tk.Frame(task_frame, bg="#fafafa")
button_frame.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=5)
edit_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="编辑", font=("SimSun", 11), bg="#2196F3", fg="white", bd=0,
command=lambda: self.edit_task(task_text, add_time, date, label))
edit_button.pack(side=tk.TOP, pady=2)
delete_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="删除", font=("SimSun", 11), bg="#F44336", fg="white", bd=0,
command=lambda: self.delete_task(task_text, add_time, date))
delete_button.pack(side=tk.TOP, pady=2)
alarm_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="提醒", font=("SimSun", 11), bg="#FF9800", fg="white", bd=0,
command=lambda: self.set_alarm(task_text, add_time, date))
alarm_button.pack(side=tk.TOP, pady=2)
var.trace("w", lambda *args: self.update_completion_time(var, time_label, task_text, add_time, date))
return task_frame
def refresh_display(self):
for widget in self.inner_frame.winfo_children():
widget.destroy()
for date in sorted(self.tasks_by_date.keys(), reverse=True):
group_frame = tk.Frame(self.inner_frame, bg="#e0e0e0")
task_count = len(self.tasks_by_date[date])
toggle_button = tk.Button(group_frame, text=f"{'▼' if self.group_states.get(date, True) else '▶'} {date} ({task_count} 项)",
font=("SimSun", 10, "bold"), bg="#e0e0e0", fg="#333333", bd=0,
command=lambda d=date, btn=group_frame: self.toggle_group(d, btn.winfo_children()[0]))
toggle_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5, pady=2)
group_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=5)
if self.group_states.get(date, True):
for i, (task_text, completed, add_time, completion_time, _, _) in enumerate(self.tasks_by_date[date]):
task_frame = self.create_task_frame(task_text, completed, add_time, completion_time, date)
task_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=2 if i > 0 else (5, 2))
self.canvas.configure(scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox("all"))
def load_tasks(self):
if os.path.exists('tasks.csv'):
with open('tasks.csv', 'r', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
for row in reader:
if row and len(row) >= 3:
task_text = row[0]
completed = row[1] == 'True'
add_time = row[2]
completion_time = row[3] if len(row) > 3 else "未完成"
alarm_time = row[4] if len(row) > 4 else "无"
alarm_message = row[5] if len(row) > 5 else "无"
date = add_time.split()[0]
if date not in self.tasks_by_date:
self.tasks_by_date[date] = []
self.group_states[date] = True
self.tasks_by_date[date].append((task_text, completed, add_time, completion_time,
alarm_time, alarm_message))
def save_tasks(self, silent=False):
with open('tasks.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
for date in sorted(self.tasks_by_date.keys(), reverse=True):
for task in self.tasks_by_date[date]:
writer.writerow(list(task) if len(task) == 6 else list(task) + ["无", "无"])
if not silent:
messagebox.showinfo("成功", "任务已保存！")
def run(self):
self.root.mainloop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.Tk()
app = TodoApp(root)
app.run()
下一步学习建议：
- 尝试添加语音提醒功能
- 学习PyQt5开发更复杂的界面
- 研究如何打包为exe可执行文件
Q&A环节：
Q：如何修改界面主题色？
A：只需修改代码中的颜色常量，例如将"#f0f0f0"改为"#e6f7ff"可获得浅蓝色主题
版权声明：本代码采用MIT开源协议，欢迎自由使用和修改，但请保留原作者信息。
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