Python - 一种一次性导出或修改所有类对象属性与值的方法

原文

转载请注明出处：首发于CSDN

访问一个已知属性名的属性很简单，a.name就完事了，然而访问不知名的属性却相对麻烦（大概不会有码农不知道自己的类里都有什么属性吧）。以防万一，写了一点东西提供一个思路。

该方法可以以键值对（字典）形式导出该类下所有属性及对应值，不会导出方法或者别的什么东西，比较方便。

相似地，也可以用一个键值对（需要保存在类对象的一个临时属性中，当然，修改成方法的参数形式难度也不大）对此进行修改。

代码如下：

# Reference 1: http://c.biancheng.net/view/2374.html
class Article():
    def __init__(self):
        self.sample1 = ['abc']
        self.sample2 = 0xFF
        self.sample3 = '@ClementLevi'
        self._content = {} # 临时容器，届时不纳入考虑范围内

    def outputAttrs(self):
        for attr in self.__dict__: # __dict__属性（一个字典）不会包含父类属性和各种方法，因而十分好用
            if attr != '_content': # 不导出临时容器，避免递归
                self._content.update({attr: self.__dict__[attr]}) #此处借鉴参考文献1，实际上并不完全相同；而且后文中修改值的手段也与我此处所写的有很大区别
        print(self._content)

        return 0

    def inputAttrs(self):
        for attr in self._content.keys(): # dict.keys()会返回一个'dict_keys'类型对象，使用for遍历即可获取各字符串
        # 此处需要注意，临时容器的名称被写死，不过修改难度不大
            setattr(self, attr, (self._content)[attr]) # 使用setattr()函数设置属性值
        return 0
        
# 测试
if __name__ == "__main__":
    a = Article()
    print(a.outputAttrs())

    a._content = {"What":114514}
    print(a.outputAttrs())
    a.inputAttrs()
    print(a.What)

参考了一点点C语言中文网上的东西，不过不多，而且实现手段也不同。参考文献URL见代码首行和文末。

参考文献:
[1]：Python __dict__属性：查看对象内部所有属性名和属性值组成的字典

English Version

Translated by myself from Chinese version. If confused, please refer to the original text.

To acquire attributes of a class object when knowing their names is quite simple – an “a.name” can do. But it is not the case when the names remain unknown (I suppose few can be so careless to forget the names!). In case, here goes a way to solve this problem.

This example shows how key-value pairs about attributes can be digested from a class object without outputting “method” and other things.

Correspondingly, a key-value pair can modify those attributes as well, as long as it is written into a temporary attribute, which can surely be modified into a parameter of this method for other purpose.

The code is as follows:

# Reference 1: http://c.biancheng.net/view/2374.html
class Article():
    def __init__(self):
        self.sample1 = ['abc']
        self.sample2 = 0xFF
        self.sample3 = '@ClementLevi'
        self._content = {} # Temporary container which won't output

    def outputAttrs(self):
        for attr in self.__dict__: # __dict__ won't contain father_class attributes or methods, making it quite convenient
            if attr != '_content': # Do not output the temp container in case of recursion
                self._content.update({attr: self.__dict__[attr]}) # Referred to reference_1 but not actually the same. The modification later on is not a same way as well
        print(self._content)

        return 0

    def inputAttrs(self):
        for attr in self._content.keys(): # dict.keys() returns a 'dict_keys' object，which can use 'for' upon for each string
        # Attention: the container's name is written, but can certainly be changed when you use this code
            setattr(self, attr, (self._content)[attr]) # use "setattr()" to set values
        return 0
        
# testing
if __name__ == "__main__":
    a = Article()
    print(a.outputAttrs())

    a._content = {"What":114514}
    print(a.outputAttrs())
    a.inputAttrs()
    print(a.What)

Not too much reference, and without the same technique to make this.
Reference:
[1]：Python __dict__属性：查看对象内部所有属性名和属性值组成的字典