责任链模式（Chain of Responsibility Pattern）案例（二）

责任链模式（Chain of Responsibility Pattern）是一种行为型设计模式，它允许多个对象作为一个链式结构进行处理。 当请求从一个对象传递到另一个对象时，这些对象可以依次处理请求或将其传递给下一个对象，直到该请求被处理或直到最终没有对象处理请求。

举例来说，想象你要申请一份文件，需要经过三个级别的审批：部门经理、总经理和董事长。每个级别的领导都有不同的权限，如果当前级别无法处理请求，则将请求传递给下一个级别的领导。

让我们看一个基于JAVA的责任链模式的示例代码：

//抽象处理者：领导
abstract class Leader {
    protected String name;
    protected Leader nextLeader; // 上级领导

    public Leader(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    //设置上级领导
    public void setNextLeader(Leader leader) {
        this.nextLeader = leader;
    }

    //处理请求
    public abstract void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request);
}

//具体处理者1：部门经理
class Director extends Leader {

    public Director(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) {
        if (request.getLeaveDays() <= 3) {
            System.out.println("员工：" + request.getName() + "请假，天数：" + request.getLeaveDays() + "，理由：" + request.getReason());
            System.out.println("部门经理：" + this.name + "，审批通过！");
        } else {
            if (this.nextLeader != null) {
                this.nextLeader.handleRequest(request);
            }
        }
    }
}

//具体处理者2：总经理
class Manager extends Leader {

    public Manager(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) {
        if (request.getLeaveDays() <= 10) {
            System.out.println("员工：" + request.getName() + "请假，天数：" + request.getLeaveDays() + "，理由：" + request.getReason());
            System.out.println("总经理：" + this.name + "，审批通过！");
        } else {
            if (this.nextLeader != null) {
                this.nextLeader.handleRequest(request);
            }
        }
    }
}

//具体处理者3：董事长
class Chairman extends Leader {

    public Chairman(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) {
        if (request.getLeaveDays() <= 30) {
            System.out.println("员工：" + request.getName() + "请假，天数：" + request.getLeaveDays() + "，理由：" + request.getReason());
            System.out.println("董事长：" + this.name + "，审批通过！");
        } else {
            System.out.println("员工：" + request.getName() + "请假，天数：" + request.getLeaveDays() + "，理由：" + request.getReason());
            System.out.println("董事长：" + this.name + "，审批不通过！");
        }
    }
}

//请求类
class LeaveRequest {
    private String name;
    private int leaveDays;
    private String reason;

    public LeaveRequest(String name, int leaveDays, String reason) {
        this.name = name;
        this.leaveDays = leaveDays;
        this.reason = reason;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getLeaveDays() {
        return leaveDays;
    }

    public String getReason() {
        return reason;
    }
}

//客户端代码
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建责任链上的对象
        Leader director = new Director("张三");
        Leader manager = new Manager("李四");
        Leader chairman = new Chairman("王五");

        //设置链中的顺序
        director.setNextLeader(manager);
        manager.setNextLeader(chairman);

        //提交请求
        LeaveRequest request1 = new LeaveRequest("小明", 2, "身体不舒服");
        director.handleRequest(request1);

        Leave  Request request2 = new LeaveRequest("小红", 5, "外出旅游");
        director.handleRequest(request2);

        LeaveRequest request3 = new LeaveRequest("小李", 20, "家里有事");
        director.handleRequest(request3);

        LeaveRequest request4 = new LeaveRequest("小张", 35, "创业");
        director.handleRequest(request4);
    }
}

输出结果为：

员工：小明请假，天数：2，理由：身体不舒服
部门经理：张三，审批通过！
员工：小红请假，天数：5，理由：外出旅游
总经理：李四，审批通过！
员工：小李请假，天数：20，理由：家里有事
董事长：王五，审批通过！
员工：小张请假，天数：35，理由：创业
董事长：王五，审批不通过！

从中可以看到，当请假天数超过部门经理和总经理权限时，请求会依次传递给下一级领导，直到被最终的董事长处理。这就是责任链模式的应用。