web.xml配置文件

web-app

根节点

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
         ……
         ……
         ……
</web-app>

welcome-file-list

功能：定义首页
welcome-file可以有多个，从上往下依次寻找第一个存在的首页面

    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>首页面</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

context-param

功能：配置全局初始化参数

    <context-param>
        <param-name>参数名1</param-name>
        <param-value>参数值1</param-value>
    </context-param>
   	<context-param>
        <param-name>参数名2</param-name>
        <param-value>参数值2</param-value>
    </context-param>

servlet（@WebServlet）

功能：配置Servlet的访问路径，初始化参数（可有多个）

配置servlet和@WebServlet功能一样，但是配置Servlet比@WebServlet更加安全

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>Demo1Servlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>包名.类名</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
	        <param-name>参数名1</param-name>
	        <param-value>参数值1</param-value>
    	</init-param>
        <init-param>
	        <param-name>参数名2</param-name>
	        <param-value>参数值2</param-value>
    	</init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Demo1Servlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>访问地址</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

初始化参数的读取

    private String encoding; //Servlet的局部初始化参数
    private String encode; //全局初始化参数
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        super.init(config); //公有
        encoding = config.getInitParameter("encoding"); //局部
        encode = getServletContext().getInitParameter("encode"); //全局
    }

JSP

功能：配置JSP的访问路径

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>变量名</servlet-name>
        <jsp-file>/文件名</jsp-file>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>变量名</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/访问地址</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

错误

    <error-page>
        <error-code>网页异常码</error-code>
        <location>/跳转到的页面</location>
    </error-page>
        <error-page>
        <exception-type>java异常类型</exception-type>
        <location>/跳转到的页面</location>
    </error-page>