Spring MVC 源码- HandlerExceptionResolver 组件

HandlerExceptionResolver 组件

HandlerExceptionResolver 组件,处理器异常解析器,将处理器( handler )执行时发生的异常(也就是处理请求,执行方法的过程中)解析(转换)成对应的 ModelAndView 结果

回顾

先来回顾一下在 DispatcherServlet 中处理请求的过程中哪里使用到 HandlerExceptionResolver 组件,可以回到《一个请求响应的旅行过程》中的 DispatcherServletprocessHandlerException 方法中看看,如下:

@Nullable
protected ModelAndView processHandlerException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
        @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {

    // Success and error responses may use different content types
    // 移除 PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE 属性
    request.removeAttribute(HandlerMapping.PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE);

    // Check registered HandlerExceptionResolvers...
    // <a> 遍历 HandlerExceptionResolver 数组,解析异常,生成 ModelAndView 对象
    ModelAndView exMv = null;
    if (this.handlerExceptionResolvers != null) {
        // 遍历 HandlerExceptionResolver 数组
        for (HandlerExceptionResolver resolver : this.handlerExceptionResolvers) {
            // 解析异常,生成 ModelAndView 对象
            exMv = resolver.resolveException(request, response, handler, ex);
            // 生成成功,结束循环
            if (exMv != null) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    // <b> 情况一,生成了 ModelAndView 对象,进行返回
    if (exMv != null) {
        // ModelAndView 对象为空,则返回 null
        if (exMv.isEmpty()) {
            request.setAttribute(EXCEPTION_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
            return null;
        }
        // We might still need view name translation for a plain error model...
        // 没有视图则设置默认视图
        if (!exMv.hasView()) {
            String defaultViewName = getDefaultViewName(request);
            if (defaultViewName != null) {
                exMv.setViewName(defaultViewName);
            }
        }
        // 设置请求中的错误消息属性
        WebUtils.exposeErrorRequestAttributes(request, ex, getServletName());
        return exMv;
    }
    // <c> 情况二,未生成 ModelAndView 对象,则抛出异常
    throw ex;
}

在 Spring MVC 的 DispatcherServlet 处理请求执行方法过程中,不管是否抛出异常都会进行结果处理,如果抛出了异常也需要调用该方法处理异常

可以看到,在 <a> 处会遍历所有的 HandlerExceptionResolver 异常处理器来处理,如果某一个处理器处理成功并返回 ModelAndView 对象,则直接返回

HandlerExceptionResolver 接口

org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver,异常处理器接口,代码如下:

public interface HandlerExceptionResolver {
    /**
     * 解析异常,转换成对应的 ModelAndView 结果
     */
    @Nullable
    ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex);
}

HandlerExceptionResolver 接口体系的结构如下:

初始化过程

DispatcherServletinitHandlerExceptionResolvers(ApplicationContext context) 方法,初始化 HandlerExceptionResolver 组件,方法如下:

private void initHandlerExceptionResolvers(ApplicationContext context) {
    // 置空 handlerExceptionResolvers 处理
    this.handlerExceptionResolvers = null;

    // 情况一,自动扫描 HandlerExceptionResolver 类型的 Bean 们
    if (this.detectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers) {
        // Find all HandlerExceptionResolvers in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
        Map<String, HandlerExceptionResolver> matchingBeans = BeanFactoryUtils
                .beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerExceptionResolver.class, true, false);
        if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
            this.handlerExceptionResolvers = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
            // We keep HandlerExceptionResolvers in sorted order.
            AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerExceptionResolvers);
        }
    }
    // 情况二,获得名字为 HANDLER_EXCEPTION_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME 的 Bean
    else {
        try {
            HandlerExceptionResolver her = context.getBean(HANDLER_EXCEPTION_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME, HandlerExceptionResolver.class);
            this.handlerExceptionResolvers = Collections.singletonList(her);
        }
        catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
            // Ignore, no HandlerExceptionResolver is fine too.
        }
    }

    // Ensure we have at least some HandlerExceptionResolvers, by registering
    // default HandlerExceptionResolvers if no other resolvers are found.
    /**
     * 情况三,如果未获得到,则获得默认配置的 HandlerExceptionResolver 类
     * {@link org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver}
     * {@link    org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver}
     * {@link    org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver}
     */
    if (this.handlerExceptionResolvers == null) {
        this.handlerExceptionResolvers = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerExceptionResolver.class);
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            logger.trace("No HandlerExceptionResolvers declared in servlet '" + getServletName() +
                    "': using default strategies from DispatcherServlet.properties");
        }
    }
}

  1. 如果“开启”探测功能,则扫描已注册的 HandlerExceptionResolver 的 Bean 们,添加到 handlerExceptionResolvers 中,默认开启

  1. 如果“关闭”探测功能,则获得 Bean 名称为 "handlerExceptionResolver" 对应的 Bean ,将其添加至 handlerExceptionResolvers

  1. 如果未获得到,则获得默认配置的 HandlerExceptionResolver 类,调用 getDefaultStrategies(ApplicationContext context, Class<T> strategyInterface) 方法,就是从 DispatcherServlet.properties 文件中读取 HandlerExceptionResolver 的默认实现类,如下:

org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver,\
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver,\
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver

在 Spring Boot 中,默认配置下会走上述 1 的逻辑,handlerExceptionResolvers 有两个元素:

  • org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DefaultErrorAttributes:在 Spring Boot 中,逻辑比较简单,暂时忽略

  • org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerExceptionResolverComposite:复合的 HandlerExceptionResolver 实现类

接下来会对 HandlerExceptionResolverComposite 中的这三种异常处理器进行分析

HandlerExceptionResolverComposite

org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerExceptionResolverComposite,实现 HandlerExceptionResolver、Ordered 接口,复合的 HandlerExceptionResolver 实现类

构造方法
public class HandlerExceptionResolverComposite implements HandlerExceptionResolver, Ordered {
    /**
     * 异常解析器数组
     */
    @Nullable
    private List<HandlerExceptionResolver> resolvers;
    /**
     * 优先级,默认最低
     */
    private int order = Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
}
  • resolvers:HandlerExceptionResolver 实现类列表

  • order:优先级,默认最低

从上面的初始化过程中可以看到,Spring Boot 默认配置下 HandlerExceptionResolverComposite 包含三个实现类:

  1. org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver

  1. org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver

  1. org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver

resolveException

实现 resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) 方法,遍历 HandlerExceptionResolver 数组,逐个处理异常 ex,如果成功,则返回 ModelAndView 对象,方法如下:

@Override
@Nullable
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
                                     @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) {
    if (this.resolvers != null) {
        for (HandlerExceptionResolver handlerExceptionResolver : this.resolvers) {
            ModelAndView mav = handlerExceptionResolver.resolveException(request, response, handler, ex);
            if (mav != null) {
                return mav;
            }
        }
    }
    return null;
}

AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver,实现 HandlerExceptionResolver、Ordered 接口,HandlerExceptionResolver 抽象类,作为所有 HandlerExceptionResolver 实现类的基类

构造方法
public abstract class AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver, Ordered {

    private static final String HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL = "Cache-Control";
    /**
     * 优先级,默认最低
     */
    private int order = Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
    /**
     * 匹配的处理器对象的集合
     */
    @Nullable
    private Set<?> mappedHandlers;
    /**
     * 匹配的处理器类型的数组
     */
    @Nullable
    private Class<?>[] mappedHandlerClasses;
    /**
     * 防止响应缓存
     */
    private boolean preventResponseCaching = false;
}

上面的这些属性在后续方法中会讲到

shouldApplyTo

shouldApplyTo(HttpServletRequest request, Object handler) 方法,判断当前 HandlerExceptionResolver 是否能应用到传入的 handler 处理器,方法如下:

protected boolean shouldApplyTo(HttpServletRequest request, @Nullable Object handler) {
    if (handler != null) {
        // <1> 如果 mappedHandlers 包含 handler 对象,则返回 true
        if (this.mappedHandlers != null && this.mappedHandlers.contains(handler)) {
            return true;
        }
        // <2> 如果 mappedHandlerClasses 包含 handler 的类型,则返回 true
        if (this.mappedHandlerClasses != null) {
            for (Class<?> handlerClass : this.mappedHandlerClasses) {
                if (handlerClass.isInstance(handler)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    // Else only apply if there are no explicit handler mappings.
    // <3> 如果 mappedHandlers 和 mappedHandlerClasses 都为空,说明直接匹配
    return (this.mappedHandlers == null && this.mappedHandlerClasses == null);
}
  1. 如果 mappedHandlers 包含该 handler 处理器对象,则返回 true

  1. 如果 mappedHandlerClasses 包含该 handler 处理器所在类,则返回 true

  1. 如果 mappedHandlersmappedHandlerClasses 都为空,说明直接匹配

prepareResponse

prepareResponse(Exception ex, HttpServletResponse response) 方法,阻止响应缓存,方法如下:

protected void prepareResponse(Exception ex, HttpServletResponse response) {
    if (this.preventResponseCaching) {
        preventCaching(response);
    }
}

/**
 * Prevents the response from being cached, through setting corresponding
 * HTTP {@code Cache-Control: no-store} header.
 * @param response current HTTP response
 */
protected void preventCaching(HttpServletResponse response) {
    response.addHeader(HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL, "no-store");
}

如果想要阻止响应缓存,需要设置 preventResponseCachingtrue

resolveException

实现 resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) 方法,代码如下

@Override
@Nullable
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, 
                                     @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) {
    // <1> 判断是否可以应用
    if (shouldApplyTo(request, handler)) {
        // <1.1> 阻止缓存
        prepareResponse(ex, response);
        // <1.2> 执行解析异常,返回 ModelAndView 对象
        ModelAndView result = doResolveException(request, response, handler, ex);
        // <1.3> 如果 ModelAndView 对象非空,则打印日志
        if (result != null) {
            // Print debug message when warn logger is not enabled.
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled() && (this.warnLogger == null || !this.warnLogger.isWarnEnabled())) {
                logger.debug("Resolved [" + ex + "]" + (result.isEmpty() ? "" : " to " + result));
            }
            // Explicitly configured warn logger in logException method.
            logException(ex, request);
        }
        // <1.4> 返回执行结果
        return result;
    }
    // <2> 不可应用,直接返回 null
    else {
        return null;
    }
}

@Nullable
protected abstract ModelAndView doResolveException(
        HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex);
  1. 调用 shouldApplyTo(HttpServletRequest request, Object handler) 方法,判断是否可以应用,如果可以应用

  1. 调用 prepareResponse(Exception ex, HttpServletResponse response) 方法,阻止缓存

  1. 调用 doResolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) 抽象方法,执行解析异常,返回 ModelAndView 对象

  1. 如果 ModelAndView 对象非空,则打印日志

  1. 返回执行结果

  1. 不可应用,直接返回 null

AbstractHandlerMethodExceptionResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodExceptionResolver,继承 AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver 抽象类,基于 handler 类型为 HandlerMethod 的 HandlerExceptionResolver 抽象类。

可能你会有疑惑,为什么 AbstractHandlerMethodExceptionResolver 只有一个 ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver 子类,为什么还要做抽象呢?因为 ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver 是基于 @ExceptionHandler 注解来配置对应的异常处理器,而如果未来我们想自定义其它的方式来配置对应的异常处理器,就可以来继承 (拓展性)AbstractHandlerMethodExceptionResolver 这个抽象类。

有没发现 Spring MVC 中,存在大量的逻辑与配置分离的分层实现
shouldApplyTo

重写 shouldApplyTo(HttpServletRequest request, Object handler) 方法,代码如下:

@Override
protected boolean shouldApplyTo(HttpServletRequest request, @Nullable Object handler) {
    // 情况一,如果 handler 为空,则直接调用父方法
    if (handler == null) {
        return super.shouldApplyTo(request, null);
    }
    // 情况二,处理 handler 为 HandlerMethod 类型的情况
    else if (handler instanceof HandlerMethod) {
        // <x> 获得真正的 handler
        HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;
        handler = handlerMethod.getBean();
        // 调用父方法
        return super.shouldApplyTo(request, handler);
    }
    // 情况三,直接返回 false
    else {
        return false;
    }
}

重点在于情况二,需要在 <x> 处,调用 HandlerMethod#getBean() 方法,获得真正的 handler 处理器。

doResolveException

重写 doResolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) 方法,代码如下:

@Override
@Nullable
protected final ModelAndView doResolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, 
                                                @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) {
    return doResolveHandlerMethodException(request, response, (HandlerMethod) handler, ex);
}

@Nullable
protected abstract ModelAndView doResolveHandlerMethodException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, 
                                                                @Nullable HandlerMethod handlerMethod, Exception ex);

handler 转换成 HandlerMethod 类型,并提供新的抽象方法

【重点】ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver,实现 ApplicationContextAware、InitializingBean 接口,继承 AbstractHandlerMethodExceptionResolver 抽象类,基于 @ExceptionHandler 配置 HandlerMethod 的 HandlerExceptionResolver 实现类。

示例

可能你没有使用 @ExceptionHandler 注解来实现过异常的处理,例如:

@Log4j2
@RestControllerAdvice
public class CustomizeExceptionHandler extends ResponseEntityExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler({EmptyArgumentException.class, IllegalArgumentException.class})
    public Result<?> customizeHandleArgumentException(HttpServletRequest request, final Exception e, HttpServletResponse response) {
        response.setStatus(HttpStatus.OK.value());
        return Result.fail(ResultCode.PARAM_ERROR.getCode(), e.getMessage());
    }

    @ExceptionHandler({Exception.class})
    public Result<?> customizeHandleException(HttpServletRequest request, final Exception e, HttpServletResponse response) {
        log.error("异常拦截[{}]:", e.getMessage(), e);
        response.setStatus(HttpStatus.OK.value());
        return Result.fail(ResultCode.UNKNOWN.getCode(), e.getMessage());
    }
}

该自定义异常处理类会处理 Controller 类抛出的指定类型的异常

构造方法
public class ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver extends AbstractHandlerMethodExceptionResolver
        implements ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean {
    /**
     * 自定义的方法参数处理器
     */
    @Nullable
    private List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> customArgumentResolvers;
    /**
     * 方法参数处理器组合
     */
    @Nullable
    private HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite argumentResolvers;
    /**
     * 自定义的执行结果处理器
     */
    @Nullable
    private List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> customReturnValueHandlers;
    /**
     * 执行结果处理器组合
     */
    @Nullable
    private HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite returnValueHandlers;
    /*
     * HTTP 消息转换器
     */
    private List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters;

    private ContentNegotiationManager contentNegotiationManager = new ContentNegotiationManager();
    /**
     * 响应体的后置增强器
     */
    private final List<Object> responseBodyAdvice = new ArrayList<>();

    @Nullable
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    private final Map<Class<?>, ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver> exceptionHandlerCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64);
    private final Map<ControllerAdviceBean, ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver> exceptionHandlerAdviceCache = new LinkedHashMap<>();

    public ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver() {
        StringHttpMessageConverter stringHttpMessageConverter = new StringHttpMessageConverter();
        stringHttpMessageConverter.setWriteAcceptCharset(false);  // see SPR-7316
        // 初始化 messageConverters
        this.messageConverters = new ArrayList<>();
        this.messageConverters.add(new ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter());
        this.messageConverters.add(stringHttpMessageConverter);
        try {
            this.messageConverters.add(new SourceHttpMessageConverter<>());
        } catch (Error err) {
            // Ignore when no TransformerFactory implementation is available
        }
        this.messageConverters.add(new AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter());
    }
}

有没有一种熟悉的感觉,和 《HandlerAdapter 组件(一)之 HandlerAdapter》RequestMappingHandlerAdapter 类似,有大量的相同变量,例如参数解析器和返回结果处理器,最终也是调用 ServletInvocableHandlerMethod 的方法。因为你定义也是定义的方法去处理相关的异常

afterPropertiesSet

因为 ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver 实现了 InitializingBean 接口,在 Sping 初始化该 Bean 的时候,会调用该方法,完成一些初始化工作,方法如下:

@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
    // Do this first, it may add ResponseBodyAdvice beans
    // 初始化 exceptionHandlerAdviceCache、responseBodyAdvice
    initExceptionHandlerAdviceCache();

    // 初始化 argumentResolvers 参数
    if (this.argumentResolvers == null) {
        List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers = getDefaultArgumentResolvers();
        this.argumentResolvers = new HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite().addResolvers(resolvers);
    }
    // 初始化 returnValueHandlers 参数
    if (this.returnValueHandlers == null) {
        List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = getDefaultReturnValueHandlers();
        this.returnValueHandlers = new HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite().addHandlers(handlers);
    }
}
  1. 调用 initExceptionHandlerAdviceCache() 方法,初始化 exceptionHandlerAdviceCacheresponseBodyAdvice,详情见下文

  1. 初始化 argumentResolvers 属性。其中,#getDefaultArgumentResolvers() 方法,获得默认的 HandlerMethodArgumentResolver 数组,详情见下文

  1. 初始化 returnValueHandlers 属性。其中,#getDefaultReturnValueHandlers() 方法,获得默认的 HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler 数组,详情见下文

initExceptionHandlerAdviceCache

initExceptionHandlerAdviceCache() 方法,初始化 exceptionHandlerAdviceCacheresponseBodyAdvice,方法如下:

private void initExceptionHandlerAdviceCache() {
    if (getApplicationContext() == null) {
        return;
    }

    // <1> 扫描 @ControllerAdvice 注解的 Bean 们,并将进行排序
    List<ControllerAdviceBean> adviceBeans = ControllerAdviceBean.findAnnotatedBeans(getApplicationContext());
    AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(adviceBeans);

    // <2> 遍历 ControllerAdviceBean 数组
    for (ControllerAdviceBean adviceBean : adviceBeans) {
        Class<?> beanType = adviceBean.getBeanType();
        if (beanType == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Unresolvable type for ControllerAdviceBean: " + adviceBean);
        }
        // <2.1> 扫描该 ControllerAdviceBean 对应的类型
        ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver resolver = new ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver(beanType);
        // <2.2> 有 @ExceptionHandler 注解,则添加到 exceptionHandlerAdviceCache 中
        if (resolver.hasExceptionMappings()) {
            this.exceptionHandlerAdviceCache.put(adviceBean, resolver);
        }
        // <2.3> 如果该 beanType 类型是 ResponseBodyAdvice 子类,则添加到 responseBodyAdvice 中
        if (ResponseBodyAdvice.class.isAssignableFrom(beanType)) {
            this.responseBodyAdvice.add(adviceBean);
        }
    }

    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        int handlerSize = this.exceptionHandlerAdviceCache.size();
        int adviceSize = this.responseBodyAdvice.size();
        if (handlerSize == 0 && adviceSize == 0) {
            logger.debug("ControllerAdvice beans: none");
        }
        else {
            logger.debug("ControllerAdvice beans: " +
                    handlerSize + " @ExceptionHandler, " + adviceSize + " ResponseBodyAdvice");
        }
    }
}
  1. 调用 ControllerAdviceBeanfindAnnotatedBeans(ApplicationContext context) 方法,扫描 @ControllerAdvice 注解的 Bean 们,并将进行排序,这里就会扫描到上面示例中 CustomizeExceptionHandler 自定义异常处理类

  1. 遍历 ControllerAdviceBean 数组

  1. 创建扫描该 ControllerAdviceBean 对应的类型 ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver 对象 resolver,该对象在下面会分析

  1. @ExceptionHandler 注解,则将resolver添加到 exceptionHandlerAdviceCache

  1. 如果该 beanType 类型是 ResponseBodyAdvice 子类,则添加到 responseBodyAdvice

getDefaultArgumentResolvers

getDefaultArgumentResolvers() 方法,获得默认的 HandlerMethodArgumentResolver 数组,方法如下:

protected List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> getDefaultArgumentResolvers() {
    List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers = new ArrayList<>();

    // Annotation-based argument resolution
    resolvers.add(new SessionAttributeMethodArgumentResolver());
    resolvers.add(new RequestAttributeMethodArgumentResolver());

    // Type-based argument resolution
    resolvers.add(new ServletRequestMethodArgumentResolver());
    resolvers.add(new ServletResponseMethodArgumentResolver());
    resolvers.add(new RedirectAttributesMethodArgumentResolver());
    resolvers.add(new ModelMethodProcessor());

    // Custom arguments
    if (getCustomArgumentResolvers() != null) {
        resolvers.addAll(getCustomArgumentResolvers());
    }

    return resolvers;
}
getDefaultReturnValueHandlers

getDefaultReturnValueHandlers() 方法,获得默认的 HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler 数组,方法如下:

protected List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> getDefaultReturnValueHandlers() {
    List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = new ArrayList<>();

    // Single-purpose return value types
    handlers.add(new ModelAndViewMethodReturnValueHandler());
    handlers.add(new ModelMethodProcessor());
    handlers.add(new ViewMethodReturnValueHandler());
    handlers.add(new HttpEntityMethodProcessor(
            getMessageConverters(), this.contentNegotiationManager, this.responseBodyAdvice));

    // Annotation-based return value types
    handlers.add(new ModelAttributeMethodProcessor(false));
    handlers.add(new RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor(
            getMessageConverters(), this.contentNegotiationManager, this.responseBodyAdvice));

    // Multi-purpose return value types
    handlers.add(new ViewNameMethodReturnValueHandler());
    handlers.add(new MapMethodProcessor());

    // Custom return value types
    if (getCustomReturnValueHandlers() != null) {
        handlers.addAll(getCustomReturnValueHandlers());
    }

    // Catch-all
    handlers.add(new ModelAttributeMethodProcessor(true));

    return handlers;
}
ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver 类
在 ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver 的 initExceptionHandlerAdviceCache 方法中会用到,两者的名字太容易混淆了

org.springframework.web.method.annotation.ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver,添加 @ControllerAdvice 注解的 Bean,用于解析添加了 @ExceptionHandler 注解的方法

构造方法
public class ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver {
    /**
     * A filter for selecting {@code @ExceptionHandler} methods.
     * 
     * MethodFilter 对象,用于过滤带有 @ExceptionHandler 注解的方法
     */
    public static final MethodFilter EXCEPTION_HANDLER_METHODS = method ->
            AnnotatedElementUtils.hasAnnotation(method, ExceptionHandler.class);
    /**
     * 已经映射的方法
     *
     * 在 {@link #ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver(Class)} 构造方法中初始化
     */
    pivate final Map<Class<? extends Throwable>, Method> mappedMethods = new HashMap<>(16);
    /**
     * 已经匹配的方法
     *
     * 在 {@link #resolveMethod(Exception)} 方法中初始化
     */
    private final Map<Class<? extends Throwable>, Method> exceptionLookupCache = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>(16);

    public ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver(Class<?> handlerType) {
        // <1> 遍历 @ExceptionHandler 注解的方法,这些方法用于处理对应的异常
        for (Method method : MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(handlerType, EXCEPTION_HANDLER_METHODS)) {
            // <2> 遍历处理的异常集合,获取到该方法能处理哪些异常
            for (Class<? extends Throwable> exceptionType : detectExceptionMappings(method)) {
                // <3> 添加到 mappedMethods 中
                addExceptionMapping(exceptionType, method);
            }
        }
    }
}

mappedMethodsexceptionLookupCache 差别在于,后者是经过查找,比较优先级之后所产生的

  1. 遍历 @ExceptionHandler 注解的方法

  1. 调用 detectExceptionMappings(Method method) 方法,获得方法的异常数组,如下:

private List<Class<? extends Throwable>> detectExceptionMappings(Method method) {
    List<Class<? extends Throwable>> result = new ArrayList<>();
    // 首先,从方法上的 @ExceptionHandler 注解中,获得要处理的异常类型,添加到 result 中
    detectAnnotationExceptionMappings(method, result);
    // 其次,如果获取不到,从方法参数中,获得所处理的异常,添加到 result 中
    if (result.isEmpty()) {
        for (Class<?> paramType : method.getParameterTypes()) {
            if (Throwable.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
                result.add((Class<? extends Throwable>) paramType);
            }
        }
    }
    // 如果获取不到,则抛出 IllegalStateException 异常
    if (result.isEmpty()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("No exception types mapped to " + method);
    }
    return result;
}

private void detectAnnotationExceptionMappings(Method method, List<Class<? extends Throwable>> result) {
    ExceptionHandler ann = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(method, ExceptionHandler.class);
    Assert.state(ann != null, "No ExceptionHandler annotation");
    result.addAll(Arrays.asList(ann.value()));
}

调用 addExceptionMapping(Class<? extends Throwable> exceptionType, Method method) 方法,添加到 mappedMethods 中,如下:

private void addExceptionMapping(Class<? extends Throwable> exceptionType, Method method) {
    // 添加到 mappedMethods 中
    Method oldMethod = this.mappedMethods.put(exceptionType, method);
    // 如果已存在,说明冲突,所以抛出 IllegalStateException 异常
    if (oldMethod != null && !oldMethod.equals(method)) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Ambiguous @ExceptionHandler method mapped for [" +
                exceptionType + "]: {" + oldMethod + ", " + method + "}");
    }
}
hasExceptionMappings

hasExceptionMappings() 方法,判断 mappedMethods 非空,方法如下:

public boolean hasExceptionMappings() {
    return !this.mappedMethods.isEmpty();
}
resolveMethod

resolveMethod(Exception exception) 方法,获取解析异常对应的方法,方法如下:

@Nullable
public Method resolveMethod(Exception exception) {
    return resolveMethodByThrowable(exception);
}
@Nullable
public Method resolveMethodByThrowable(Throwable exception) {
    // 首先,获得异常对应的方法
    Method method = resolveMethodByExceptionType(exception.getClass());
    // 其次,获取不到,则使用异常 cause 对应的方法
    if (method == null) {
        Throwable cause = exception.getCause();
        if (cause != null) {
            method = resolveMethodByExceptionType(cause.getClass());
        }
    }
    return method;
}

按照 exceptionexception.cause 的先后,调用 resolveMethodByExceptionType(Class<? extends Throwable> exceptionType) 方法,获得异常对应的方法,如下:

@Nullable
public Method resolveMethodByExceptionType(Class<? extends Throwable> exceptionType) {
    // 首先,先从 exceptionLookupCache 缓存中获得异常对应的处理方法
    Method method = this.exceptionLookupCache.get(exceptionType);
    // 其次,获取不到,则从 mappedMethods 中获得,并添加到 exceptionLookupCache 中
    if (method == null) {
        method = getMappedMethod(exceptionType);
        this.exceptionLookupCache.put(exceptionType, method);
    }
    return method;
}

逻辑比较简单,调用 getMappedMethod(Class<? extends Throwable> exceptionType) 方法,获得异常对应的方法,如下:

@Nullable
private Method getMappedMethod(Class<? extends Throwable> exceptionType) {
    List<Class<? extends Throwable>> matches = new ArrayList<>();
    // 遍历 mappedMethods 数组,匹配异常,添加到 matches 中
    for (Class<? extends Throwable> mappedException : this.mappedMethods.keySet()) {
        if (mappedException.isAssignableFrom(exceptionType)) {
            matches.add(mappedException);
        }
    }
    // 将匹配的结果,排序,选择第一个
    if (!matches.isEmpty()) {
        matches.sort(new ExceptionDepthComparator(exceptionType));
        return this.mappedMethods.get(matches.get(0));
    }
    else {
        return null;
    }
}

逻辑比较简单,关于 org.springframework.core.ExceptionDepthComparator 比较器,胖友自己点击 传送门 查看。大体的逻辑是,比较它们和目标类的继承层级,越小越匹配。

getExceptionHandlerMethod

getExceptionHandlerMethod(HandlerMethod handlerMethod, Exception exception) 方法,获得异常对应的 ServletInvocableHandlerMethod 对象,代码如下:

@Nullable
protected ServletInvocableHandlerMethod getExceptionHandlerMethod(
        @Nullable HandlerMethod handlerMethod, Exception exception) {

    // 处理器的类型
    Class<?> handlerType = null;

    // <1> 首先,如果 handlerMethod 非空,则先获得 Controller 对应的 @ExceptionHandler 处理器对应的方法
    if (handlerMethod != null) {
        // Local exception handler methods on the controller class itself.
        // To be invoked through the proxy, even in case of an interface-based proxy.
        // 获得 handlerType
        handlerType = handlerMethod.getBeanType();
        // 获得 handlerType 对应的 ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver 对象
        ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver resolver = this.exceptionHandlerCache.get(handlerType);
        if (resolver == null) {
            resolver = new ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver(handlerType);
            this.exceptionHandlerCache.put(handlerType, resolver);
        }
        // 获得异常对应的 Method 处理方法
        Method method = resolver.resolveMethod(exception);
        // 如果获得该异常对应的 Method 处理方法,则创建 ServletInvocableHandlerMethod 对象,并返回
        if (method != null) {
            return new ServletInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod.getBean(), method);
        }
        // For advice applicability check below (involving base packages, assignable types
        // and annotation presence), use target class instead of interface-based proxy.
        // 获得 handlerType 的原始类。因为,此处有可能是代理对象
        if (Proxy.isProxyClass(handlerType)) {
            handlerType = AopUtils.getTargetClass(handlerMethod.getBean());
        }
    }

    // <2> 其次,使用 ControllerAdvice 对应的 @ExceptionHandler 处理器对应的方法
    for (Map.Entry<ControllerAdviceBean, ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver> entry : this.exceptionHandlerAdviceCache.entrySet()) {
        ControllerAdviceBean advice = entry.getKey();
        // 如果 ControllerAdvice 支持当前的 handlerType
        if (advice.isApplicableToBeanType(handlerType)) {
            // 获得 handlerType 对应的 ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver 对象
            ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver resolver = entry.getValue();
            // 获得异常对应的 Method 处理方法
            Method method = resolver.resolveMethod(exception);
            if (method != null) {
                return new ServletInvocableHandlerMethod(advice.resolveBean(), method);
            }
        }
    }

    // 最差,获取不到
    return null;
}
  1. 首先,如果 handlerMethod 非空,则先获得 Controller 对应的 @ExceptionHandler 处理器对应的方法,如果获取到了,则将该 Method 封装成 ServletInvocableHandlerMethod 对象并返回

  1. 其次,使用 ControllerAdvice 对应的 @ExceptionHandler 处理器对应的方法,如果获取到了,则将该 Method 封装成 ServletInvocableHandlerMethod 对象并返回

  1. 最差,获取不到,返回 null

上面第 2 种情况也就是示例中定义的方法哦~

doResolveHandlerMethodException

实现 doResolveHandlerMethodException(ttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod, Exception exception) 方法,处理异常,代码如下:

@Override
@Nullable
protected ModelAndView doResolveHandlerMethodException(HttpServletRequest request,
        HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable HandlerMethod handlerMethod, Exception exception) {
    // <1> 获得异常对应的 ServletInvocableHandlerMethod 对象
    ServletInvocableHandlerMethod exceptionHandlerMethod = getExceptionHandlerMethod(handlerMethod, exception);
    if (exceptionHandlerMethod == null) {
        return null;
    }

    // <1.1> 设置 ServletInvocableHandlerMethod 对象的相关属性
    if (this.argumentResolvers != null) {
        exceptionHandlerMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
    }
    if (this.returnValueHandlers != null) {
        exceptionHandlerMethod.setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers(this.returnValueHandlers);
    }

    // <1.2> 创建 ServletWebRequest 对象
    ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);
    // <1.3> 创建 ModelAndViewContainer 对象
    ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer = new ModelAndViewContainer();

    try {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Using @ExceptionHandler " + exceptionHandlerMethod);
        }
        // <2> // 执行处理该异常的方法 ServletInvocableHandlerMethod 的调用
        Throwable cause = exception.getCause();
        if (cause != null) {
            // Expose cause as provided argument as well
            exceptionHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer, exception, cause, handlerMethod);
        }
        else {
            // Otherwise, just the given exception as-is
            exceptionHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer, exception, handlerMethod);
        }
    }
    catch (Throwable invocationEx) {
        // Any other than the original exception is unintended here,
        // probably an accident (e.g. failed assertion or the like).
        // <2.1> 发生异常,则直接返回
        if (invocationEx != exception && logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
            logger.warn("Failure in @ExceptionHandler " + exceptionHandlerMethod, invocationEx);
        }
        // Continue with default processing of the original exception...
        return null;
    }

    // <3> 如果 mavContainer 已处理,则返回 '空的' ModelAndView 对象。
    if (mavContainer.isRequestHandled()) {
        return new ModelAndView();
    }
    // <4> 如果 mavContainer 未处,则基于 `mavContainer` 生成 ModelAndView 对象
    else {
        ModelMap model = mavContainer.getModel();
        HttpStatus status = mavContainer.getStatus();
        // <4.1> 创建 ModelAndView 对象,并设置相关属性
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView(mavContainer.getViewName(), model, status);
        mav.setViewName(mavContainer.getViewName());
        if (!mavContainer.isViewReference()) {
            mav.setView((View) mavContainer.getView());
        }
        // <4.2>
        if (model instanceof RedirectAttributes) {
            Map<String, ?> flashAttributes = ((RedirectAttributes) model).getFlashAttributes();
            RequestContextUtils.getOutputFlashMap(request).putAll(flashAttributes);
        }
        return mav;
    }
}
  1. 调用 getExceptionHandlerMethod(HandlerMethod handlerMethod, Exception exception) 方法,获得异常对应的 ServletInvocableHandlerMethod 对象

  1. 设置 ServletInvocableHandlerMethod 对象的相关属性,参数解析器,返回结果处理器

  1. 创建 ServletWebRequest 对象 webRequest,封装了请求和响应

  1. 创建 ModelAndViewContainer 对象 mavContainer,用于获取 ModelAndView 对象

  1. 执行处理该异常的方法,ServletInvocableHandlerMethod 对象的调用

  • 此处传入了 Object... providedArgs 参数为 exceptionhandlerMethod 变量,这也是为什么 @ExceptionHanlder 注解的方法,可以设置为这两个参数

  1. 发生异常,则直接返回

  1. 如果 mavContainer 已处理,则返回 “空的” ModelAndView 对象。这样,就不会被后续的 ViewResolver 所处理。为什么呢?可以自己回看下 DispatcherServlet 的 processHandlerException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) 方法,很容易明白

  1. 如果 mavContainer 未处理,则基于 mavContainer 生成 ModelAndView 对象

  1. 创建 ModelAndView 对象,并设置相关属性,视图名称

  1. FlashMapManager 相关,暂时忽略

ResponseStatusExceptionResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver,实现 MessageSourceAware 接口,继承 AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver 抽象类,基于 @ResponseStatus 提供错误响应的 HandlerExceptionResolver 实现类

构造方法
public class ResponseStatusExceptionResolver extends AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver implements MessageSourceAware {
    @Nullable
    private MessageSource messageSource;
}
applyStatusAndReason

applyStatusAndReason(int statusCode, @Nullable String reason, HttpServletResponse response) 方法,设置错误响应,方法如下:

protected ModelAndView applyStatusAndReason(int statusCode, @Nullable String reason, HttpServletResponse response)
        throws IOException {

    // 情况一,如果无错误提示,则响应只设置状态码
    if (!StringUtils.hasLength(reason)) {
        response.sendError(statusCode);
    }
    // 情况二,如果有错误信息,则响应设置状态码 + 错误提示
    else {
        // 进一步解析错误提示,如果有 messageSource 的情况下
        String resolvedReason = (this.messageSource != null ?
                this.messageSource.getMessage(reason, null, reason, LocaleContextHolder.getLocale()) :
                reason);
        // 设置
        response.sendError(statusCode, resolvedReason);
    }
    // 创建“空” ModelAndView 对象,并返回
    return new ModelAndView();
}

注意,此处返回的也是“空”的 ModelAndView 对象。这样,就不会被后续的 ViewResolver 所处理

doResolveException

实现 doResolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) 方法,代码如下:

@Override
@Nullable
protected ModelAndView doResolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, 
                                          @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) {
    try {
        // <1> 情况一,如果异常是 ResponseStatusException 类型,进行解析并设置到响应
        if (ex instanceof ResponseStatusException) {
            return resolveResponseStatusException((ResponseStatusException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }

        // <2> 情况二,如果有 @ResponseStatus 注解,进行解析并设置到响应
        ResponseStatus status = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(ex.getClass(), ResponseStatus.class);
        if (status != null) {
            return resolveResponseStatus(status, request, response, handler, ex);
        }

        // <3> 情况三,使用异常的 cause 在走一次情况一、情况二的逻辑。
        if (ex.getCause() instanceof Exception) {
            return doResolveException(request, response, handler, (Exception) ex.getCause());
        }
    }
    catch (Exception resolveEx) {
        if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
            logger.warn("Failure while trying to resolve exception [" + ex.getClass().getName() + "]", resolveEx);
        }
    }
    return null;
}

1、情况一,如果异常是 ResponseStatusException 类型,进行解析并设置到响应,调用 resolveResponseStatusException(ResponseStatusException ex, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) 方法,如下:

protected ModelAndView resolveResponseStatusException(ResponseStatusException ex,
        HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler) throws Exception {
    int statusCode = ex.getStatus().value();
    String reason = ex.getReason();
    return applyStatusAndReason(statusCode, reason, response);
}

2、情况二,如果有 @ResponseStatus 注解,进行解析并设置到响应,调用 resolveResponseStatus(ResponseStatus responseStatus, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)

方法,如下:

protected ModelAndView resolveResponseStatus(ResponseStatus responseStatus, HttpServletRequest request,
        HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
    int statusCode = responseStatus.code().value();
    String reason = responseStatus.reason();
    return applyStatusAndReason(statusCode, reason, response);
}

3、情况三,使用异常的 cause 再走一次情况一情况二的逻辑

DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver,继承 AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver 抽象类,默认 HandlerExceptionResolver 实现类,针对各种异常,设置错误响应码

其中,实现 doResolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) 方法,代码如下:

@Override
@Nullable
protected ModelAndView doResolveException(
        HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) {

    try {
        if (ex instanceof HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException) {
            return handleHttpRequestMethodNotSupported(
                    (HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }
        else if (ex instanceof HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException) {
            return handleHttpMediaTypeNotSupported(
                    (HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }
        else if (ex instanceof HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException) {
            return handleHttpMediaTypeNotAcceptable(
                    (HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }
        else if (ex instanceof MissingPathVariableException) {
            return handleMissingPathVariable(
                    (MissingPathVariableException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }
        else if (ex instanceof MissingServletRequestParameterException) {
            return handleMissingServletRequestParameter(
                    (MissingServletRequestParameterException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }
        else if (ex instanceof ServletRequestBindingException) {
            return handleServletRequestBindingException(
                    (ServletRequestBindingException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }
        else if (ex instanceof ConversionNotSupportedException) {
            return handleConversionNotSupported(
                    (ConversionNotSupportedException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }
        else if (ex instanceof TypeMismatchException) {
            return handleTypeMismatch(
                    (TypeMismatchException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }
        else if (ex instanceof HttpMessageNotReadableException) {
            return handleHttpMessageNotReadable(
                    (HttpMessageNotReadableException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }
        else if (ex instanceof HttpMessageNotWritableException) {
            return handleHttpMessageNotWritable(
                    (HttpMessageNotWritableException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }
        else if (ex instanceof MethodArgumentNotValidException) {
            return handleMethodArgumentNotValidException(
                    (MethodArgumentNotValidException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }
        else if (ex instanceof MissingServletRequestPartException) {
            return handleMissingServletRequestPartException(
                    (MissingServletRequestPartException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }
        else if (ex instanceof BindException) {
            return handleBindException((BindException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }
        else if (ex instanceof NoHandlerFoundException) {
            return handleNoHandlerFoundException(
                    (NoHandlerFoundException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }
        else if (ex instanceof AsyncRequestTimeoutException) {
            return handleAsyncRequestTimeoutException(
                    (AsyncRequestTimeoutException) ex, request, response, handler);
        }
    }
    catch (Exception handlerEx) {
        if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
            logger.warn("Failure while trying to resolve exception [" + ex.getClass().getName() + "]", handlerEx);
        }
    }
    return null;
}

逻辑不复杂,根据不同的异常,设置响应码和错误信息,例如 HTTP 方法类型不支持,如下:

protected ModelAndView handleHttpRequestMethodNotSupported(HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException ex,
        HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler) throws IOException {

    String[] supportedMethods = ex.getSupportedMethods();
    if (supportedMethods != null) {
        response.setHeader("Allow", StringUtils.arrayToDelimitedString(supportedMethods, ", "));
    }
    // 405 状态码,HTTP Method 不支持
    response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, ex.getMessage());
    return new ModelAndView();
}

注意,返回的都是“空”的 ModelAndView 对象。这样,就不会被后续的 ViewResolver 所处理

总结

本文对 Spring MVC 中的 HandlerExceptionResolver 组件进行分析,处理器异常解析器,将处理器( handler )执行时发生的异常(也就是处理请求,执行方法的过程中发生的异常)解析(转换)成对应的 ModelAndView 结果

HandlerExceptionResolver 的实现类没有特别多,不过也采用了组合模式,如果某个异常处理器进行处理了,也就是返回的 ModeAndView 不为 null(一般都是“空”对象),则直接返回该 ModeAndView 对象

在 Spring MVC 和 Spring Boot 中,默认情况下都有三种 HandlerExceptionResolver 实现类,他们的顺序如下:

  1. ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver:基于 @ExceptionHandler 配置 HandlerMethod 的 HandlerExceptionResolver 实现类。例如通过 @ControllerAdvice 注解自定义异常处理器,加上@ExceptionHandler注解指定方法所需要处理的异常类型,这种方式就在这个实现类中实现的。没有使用过这两个注解可以参考上面的示例

  1. ResponseStatusExceptionResolver:基于 @ResponseStatus 提供错误响应的 HandlerExceptionResolver 实现类。例如在方法上面添加 @ResponseStatus 注解,指定该方法发生异常时,需要设置的 code 响应码和 reason 错误信息

  1. DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver:默认 HandlerExceptionResolver 实现类,针对各种异常,设置错误响应码。例如 HTTP Method 不支持,则在这个实现类中往响应中设置错误码错误信息

到这里,已经分析了 Spring MVC 的 DispatcherServlet,以及 MultipartResolver、HandlerMapping、HandlerAdapter 和 HandlerExceptionResolver 四个组件,只想说:Spring MVC 的设计者太优秀
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