问题描述:
JDK17环境下,运行Tomcat7,JSP不能正常编译
访问URL资源浏览器报错500:
type Exception report
message Unable to compile class for JSP:
description The server encountered an internal error that prevented it from fulfilling this request.
exception
org.apache.jasper.JasperException: Unable to compile class for JSP:
如下图:
IDE报错:
严重: Servlet.service() for servlet [jsp] in context with path [/train] threw exception [Unable to compile class for JSP:
An error occurred at line: [54] in the generated java file: [C:\J\IdeaProjects\jsp-demo\target\tomcat\work\Tomcat\localhost\jsp-demo\org\apache\jsp\hello_jsp.java]
The method getJspApplicationContext(ServletContext) is undefined for the type JspFactory
Stacktrace:] with root cause
org.apache.jasper.JasperException: Unable to compile class for JSP:
An error occurred at line: [54] in the generated java file: [C:\J\IdeaProjects\jsp-demo\target\tomcat\work\Tomcat\localhost\jsp-demo\org\apache\jsp\hello_jsp.java]
The method getJspApplicationContext(ServletContext) is undefined for the type JspFactory
Stacktrace:
at org.apache.jasper.compiler.DefaultErrorHandler.javacError(DefaultErrorHandler.java:102)
at org.apache.jasper.compiler.ErrorDispatcher.javacError(ErrorDispatcher.java:198)
at org.apache.jasper.compiler.JDTCompiler.generateClass(JDTCompiler.java:450)
at org.apache.jasper.compiler.Compiler.compile(Compiler.java:361)
at org.apache.jasper.compiler.Compiler.compile(Compiler.java:336)
at org.apache.jasper.compiler.Compiler.compile(Compiler.java:323)
at org.apache.jasper.JspCompilationContext.compile(JspCompilationContext.java:580)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:356)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:396)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:340)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729)
项目配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-demo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--jstl-->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- <dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>-->
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
问题解决:
通过各种关键词查询了CSDN和GitHub,除了jsp不能正常编译还有servlet不能正常编译的情况。关于该问题的产生原因,中心说法是:
jar包冲突:servlet的jar包或者jsp-api的jar包同名重复,导致编译期加载jar包加载了同名的错误jar包
解决方案:
将配置文件中的jsp-api坐标依赖注释掉之后,jsp可以正常编译,项目正常运行,浏览器正常显示。
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--注释掉上面这个依赖-->
总结:
不是所有的jar包/依赖都可以随便往工程中导!
在最新版本的JDK17中,自带servlet和jsp等相关的jar包,而运行旧版本的Tomcat时,加载jar包冲突,容易导致编译版本不一致的情况出现。因此,在新版本的JDK环境下运行旧版本的插件,要注意并非所有的依赖都随便导入(/不能所有jar包都导入),否则容易出现jar包冲突导致无法正常编译的情况。
---------------------2022.4.1追更---------------------
版本冲突
如果无法编译(Unable to compile class)或找不到字节码文件(ClassNotFoundException)的问题依然出现,只能采用其他方法了,问题的根本在于tomcat7中对java编译采用的是eclipse的ecj,而在最新版本的JDK17中,这个编译jar包已经过时了。
解决方案:
方案一:tomcat7使用jsp,将JDK版本降到JDK1.7,即可解决版本冲突问题
方案二:将tomcat7升级到tomcat10,可以在JDK17环境下正常编译*_jsp文件
这里有些同学可能遇到tomcat10运行后,无法正常加载servlet的问题,这是因为maven仓库中缺少最新的tomcat10-servlet的jar包,并且已经把最新一代servlet-api的包名更新为jakarta。而你的servlet中导包还是JDK自带的javax.servlet的jar包,自然无法正常加载jakarta包。
最坑爹的是,将servlet的坐标依赖改为jakarta,并且将导包名javax换成jakarta之后,servlet.class中导包竟然识别不到。。。。。。点击包名响应cannot find declaration to go。
解决方案:
在pom文件中将原来的servlet依赖更新为:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>10.0.0-M7</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--
<dependency>
<groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.3</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
-->
原来的javax依赖或者jakarta依赖注释或删除掉即可。
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