flutter学习之 状态管理ChangeNotifierProvider

利用ChangeNotifierProvider来监听状态改变

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
// 
void main() {
  runApp(
    
   MultiProvider(providers: [
     ChangeNotifierProvider(create: (_)=> Counter())
   ],
   child: MyApp()),
    
    );
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  // This widget is the root of your application.
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
        // This is the theme of your application.
        //
        // Try running your application with "flutter run". You'll see the
        // application has a blue toolbar. Then, without quitting the app, try
        // changing the primarySwatch below to Colors.green and then invoke
        // "hot reload" (press "r" in the console where you ran "flutter run",
        // or simply save your changes to "hot reload" in a Flutter IDE).
        // Notice that the counter didn't reset back to zero; the application
        // is not restarted.
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
        // This makes the visual density adapt to the platform that you run
        // the app on. For desktop platforms, the controls will be smaller and
        // closer together (more dense) than on mobile platforms.
        visualDensity: VisualDensity.adaptivePlatformDensity,
      ),
      home: MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),
    );
  }
}

class Counter with ChangeNotifier, DiagnosticableTreeMixin{
  int _count = 0;
  int get count => _count;
  void increment(){
    _count++;
    notifyListeners();
  }

  // void debugFileProperties(DiagnosticPropertiesBuilder properties){

  //   super.debugFillProperties(properties);
  //   properties.add(IntProperty('count',count));
  // }
}

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
  MyHomePage({Key key, this.title}) : super(key: key);

  // This widget is the home page of your application. It is stateful, meaning
  // that it has a State object (defined below) that contains fields that affect
  // how it looks.

  // This class is the configuration for the state. It holds the values (in this
  // case the title) provided by the parent (in this case the App widget) and
  // used by the build method of the State. Fields in a Widget subclass are
  // always marked "final".

  final String title;

  @override
  _MyHomePageState createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
  int _counter = 0;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // This method is rerun every time setState is called, for instance as done
    // by the _incrementCounter method above.
    //
    // The Flutter framework has been optimized to make rerunning build methods
    // fast, so that you can just rebuild anything that needs updating rather
    // than having to individually change instances of widgets.
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        // Here we take the value from the MyHomePage object that was created by
        // the App.build method, and use it to set our appbar title.
        title: Text(widget.title),
      ),
      body: Center(
        // Center is a layout widget. It takes a single child and positions it
        // in the middle of the parent.
        child: Column(
          
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: <Widget>[
            Text(
              'You have pushed the button this many times:',
            ),
            Count()
          ],
        ),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: ()=> context.read<Counter>().increment(),
        tooltip: 'Increment',
        child: Icon(Icons.add),
      ), // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.
    );
  }
}

class Count extends StatelessWidget {
  const Count({Key key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Text(
      
    '${context.watch<Counter>().count}',
        style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.headline4);
  }
}

ChangeNotifierProvider 可以向子孙节点暴露一个ChangeNotifier 实例ChangeNotifierProvider(create: (_)=> Counter())

ChangeNotifierProvider 有个特性在于，它不会重复实例化Counter ，当Counter不再被调用，ChangeNotifierProvider也会主动调用Counter的dispose（）方法

在Counter 中设定一个notifyListeners();方法当counter发生改变且需要更新UI的时候可以调用该方法。

在按钮onPress 方法中调用Counter的方法onPressed: ()=> context.read<Counter>().increment(),

在展示控件中监听到counter数值的变化，并展示出来。

'${context.watch<Counter>().count}',

参考资料：

https://flutter.cn/docs/development/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/simple#我们的样例-