学习笔记之编程思想

编程思想：

面向过程：处理事情以过程为核心，一步一步的实现。给第一次软件危机埋下了伏笔。

面向对象：万物皆对象（没有对象New一个）。

链式编程思想：将多个操作（所行代码）通过点号（.）链接在一起成为一句代码，目的是可读性好。链式编程最大的特点：方法的返回值是block，block必须有返回值（本身对象），block参数（需要操作的值）。

示例代码：

CalculateManager

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN

@interface CalculateManager : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, assign) int result;

- (CalculateManager *(^)(int))add;

@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END


#import "CalculateManager.h"

@implementation CalculateManager

- (CalculateManager *(^)(int))add{
    
    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
    
    return ^(int value){
        weakSelf.result += value;
        return self;
    };
}

@end

#import "NSObject+Calculate.h"

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

#import "CalculateManager.h"

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN

@interface NSObject (Calculate)

+ (int)mcf_makeCaculate:(void(^)(CalculateManager *))block;

@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END

#import "NSObject+Calculate.h"

@implementation NSObject (Calculate)

+ (int)mcf_makeCaculate:(void(^)(CalculateManager *))block{
    
    CalculateManager *cgmr = [[CalculateManager alloc] init];
    
    block(cgmr);
    
    return cgmr.result;
    
}

@end

ViewController

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "NSObject+Calculate.h"

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    int result = [NSObject mcf_makeCaculate:^(CalculateManager * make) {
        
        make.add(20).add(40).add(2);
    }];
    
    NSLog(@"result==%d",result);
}


@end

2022-02-02 20:56:33.479389+0800 链式编程学习[4974:349410] result==62

响应式编程思想：不需要考虑调用顺序，只需要知道考虑结果，类似于蝴蝶效应，产生一个事件，会影响很多东西，这些事件像流一样的传播出去，然后影响结果，借用面向对象的一句话，万物皆是流。

KVO

示例代码：

#import "Person.h"

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN

@interface Person : NSObject
{
    @public
    NSString *_name;
}

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *name;
@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person

- (void)setName:(NSString *)name{
    
    _name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@bbbb",name];
}

@end

#import "NSObject+KVO.h"

#import "NSObject+KVO.h"

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN

@interface NSObject (KVO)

// KVO怎么实现
// KVO的本质就是监听一个对象有没有调用set方法
// 重写这个方法

// 监听方法本质:并不需要修改方法的实现,仅仅想判断下有没有调用

- (void)mcf_addObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options context:(void *)context;

@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END


#import <objc/message.h>

#import "MCFKVONotifying_Person.h"

NSString *const observerKey = @"observer";

@implementation NSObject (KVO)

- (void)mcf_addObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options context:(void *)context{
    
    /*
     // 1.自定义NSKVONotifying_Person子类
     // 2.重写setName,在内部恢复父类做法,通知观察者
     // 3.如何让外界调用自定义Person类的子类方法,修改当前对象的isa指针,指向NSKVONotifying_Person
     */
    //把观察者保存到当前对象中
    objc_setAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void * _Nonnull)(observerKey), observer, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
    
    //修改对象isa指针
    object_setClass(self, [MCFKVONotifying_Person class]);
}

MCFKVONotifying_Person

#import "Person.h"

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN

@interface MCFKVONotifying_Person : Person

@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END

#import "MCFKVONotifying_Person.h"

#import <objc/message.h>

extern NSString* const observerKey;

@implementation MCFKVONotifying_Person

- (void)setName:(NSString *)name{
    
    [super setName: name];
    
    //通知观察者调用observeValueForKeyPath
    //需要把观察者包保存到当前对象
    //获取观察者
    id observer = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, observerKey);
    [observer observeValueForKeyPath:@"name" ofObject:self change:nil context:nil];
}

@end

ViewController

#import "ViewController.h"

#import "Person.h"

#import "NSObject+KVO.h"

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) Person *p;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    
    Person *p = [[Person alloc] init];
    
    [p mcf_addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"name" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
    
    _p = p;
   
    
}

- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change context:(void *)context{
    
    NSLog(@"%@",_p.name);
}


- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
    static int i = 0;
    
    i++;
    _p.name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",i];
}

@end

2022-02-02 21:50:04.374226+0800 响应式编程[6060:398126] 1bbbb

2022-02-02 21:50:04.839348+0800 响应式编程[6060:398126] 2bbbb

函数式编程：把操作尽量写成一系列嵌套的函数或者方法调用。

本质：就是往方法里传入Block，方法中嵌套block调用，把代码聚合起来管理

特点：每个方法必须有返回值，把函数或者block当作参数，block参数（需要操作的值）block返回的值（操作结果）。

示例代码

CalculateManager

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN

@interface CalculateManager : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, assign) int result;

- (instancetype)caculate:(int(^)(int))caculateBlock;

@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END

#import "CalculateManager.h"

@implementation CalculateManager

- (instancetype)caculate:(int (^)(int))caculateBlock{
    
    _result = caculateBlock(_result);
    return self;
}

@end

ViewController

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "CalculateManager.h"

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    CalculateManager *mgr = [[CalculateManager alloc] init];
    
    int result = [[mgr caculate:^int(int result) {
        result += 4;
        result += 4;
        return result;
    }] result];
    
    NSLog(@"result====%ld",result);
}


@end

2022-02-02 22:01:28.831263+0800 函数式编程[6283:411450] result====8

ReactiveCocoa 融合了函数式编程以及响应式编程的框架，RAC解决问题直接考虑结果，把每次操作都写成一系列嵌套的方法，式代码高聚合，方便管理。