【MySQL安装】Linux MySQL安装（RPM）5.x

一zhi小白

已于 2023-08-11 09:08:42 修改

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分类专栏：服务端开源软件安装文章标签： mysql linux 数据库

于 2023-06-09 09:43:48 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Controller000/article/details/131119748

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前言

本文只针对 RHEL7 和 Centos 7 的Linux操作系统。

MySQL安装可以分为源码包安装和RPM安装。其中源码包可自定义安装目录，但安装速度较慢；RPM安装为RPM默认安装目录，安装速度较快。MySQL 5.x系列和 8.x 安装过程有部分差异，请根据需要选择安装的方式。

MySQL 8.x RPM安装链接

MySQL 8.x RPM安装

MySQL 5.x 源码包安装链接

MySQL 5.x 源码包安装

MySQL 8.x 源码包安装链接

编辑中。。

本文为MySQL 5.x 系列 RPM包安装。

一、基础环境准备

虚拟机：CentOS 7.9 x86_64 1核2G 内网IP：192.168.0.112
宿主机：Win11

二、检查安装环境

1. 查询是否有mariadb相关rpm包

rpm -qa | grep mariadb

2. 移除所有mariadb rpm包

yum -y remove mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64

3. 安装依赖包

yum -y install perl net-tools

三、下载

1. 下载 mysql rpm包

MySQL

# 创建rpm存放目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/rpm
cd /usr/local/rpm/
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

四、安装

1. 解压

tar -xvf mysql-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

2. 安装（各小版本依赖信息可能不一致，根据提示顺序安装依赖即可）

rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

五、设置编码格式与启动测试

1. 设置编码格式与端口信息

vim /etc/my.cnf
# 以下为内容

[mysqld]
port=3306 # 新增端口信息（拷贝建议删除注释）
character-set-server=utf8 # 设置编码格式（拷贝建议删除注释）
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid


[mysql] # 新增（拷贝建议删除注释）
default-character-set=utf8 # 设置编码格式（拷贝建议删除注释）


[client] # 新增（拷贝建议删除注释）
default-character-set=utf8  # 设置编码格式（拷贝建议删除注释）

2. 获取root默认密码

systemctl start mysqld
grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

3. 登录测试

mysql -uroot -p'oEadkur>8Z+o'

4. 修改root密码

SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('Flzx3qc@');
flush privileges;

5. 查看版本信息与编码格式

select version();
show variables like '%character%';

6. 开启root远程登录

use mysql;
select host,user,plugin from user;

# if plugin == caching_sha2_password
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Flzx3qc@';
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
flush privileges;

# if plugin == mysql_native_password 
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
flush privileges;