分析广播 的 registerReceiver、sendBroadcast、 onReceive 系统到底做了什么?

介绍

BroadcastReceiver 是 Android 的四大组件之一，它作用于应用内、进程间重要的一种通信方式，能够将某个消息通过广播的形式传递给订阅的广播接收器中，下面我们就来分析一下 广播注册到接收到消息 Android 源码到底做了些什么？

源码解析

registerReceiver

时序图

代码讲解

我们跟着上面时序图来讲解代码

先在 MainActivity registerReceiver 广播接收者

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
      @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
          //注册广播接收者
                registerReceiver(new ReceiverB(),filterB);
    }
...代码省略...
}

点击 registerReceiver 我们发现并不是 Activity 里面的方法，而是 Activity 的父类 ContextWrapper

ContextWrapper registerReceiver

public class Activity extends ContextThemeWrapper
        implements LayoutInflater.Factory2,
        Window.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback,
        OnCreateContextMenuListener, ComponentCallbacks2,
        Window.OnWindowDismissedCallback, WindowControllerCallback,
        AutofillManager.AutofillClient {

          ....代码省略...

        }
public class ContextThemeWrapper extends ContextWrapper {
  ....代码省略...
}
public class ContextWrapper extends Context {
      @Override
    public Intent registerReceiver(
        BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter) {
        return mBase.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
    }
}

这里的成员变量 mBase 是 Context，看过 Application 应用启动那块的源码知道 ContextImp 继承了 Context ，那么我们看继承类具体的 registerReceiver 方法吧。

ContextImp registerReceiver

class ContextImpl extends Context {   
@Override
    public Intent registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter,
            String broadcastPermission, Handler scheduler, int flags) {
        return registerReceiverInternal(receiver, getUserId(),
                filter, broadcastPermission, scheduler, getOuterContext(), flags);
    }
}

继续看 registerReceiverInternal

private Intent registerReceiverInternal(BroadcastReceiver receiver, int userId,
            IntentFilter filter, String broadcastPermission,
            Handler scheduler, Context context, int flags) {
        IIntentReceiver rd = null;
        if (receiver != null) {
            if (mPackageInfo != null && context != null) {
                if (scheduler == null) {
                    //获取 ActivityThread H  
                    scheduler = mMainThread.getHandler();
                }
                //获取 IIntentReceiver 对象，通过它与 AMS 交互，并且通过 Handler 传递消息
                rd = mPackageInfo.getReceiverDispatcher(
                    receiver, context, scheduler,
                    mMainThread.getInstrumentation(), true);
            } else {
                if (scheduler == null) {
                    scheduler = mMainThread.getHandler();
                }
                rd = new LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher(
                        receiver, context, scheduler, null, true).getIIntentReceiver();
            }
        }
        try {
            //调用 AMS 的 registerReceiver 
            final Intent intent = ActivityManager.getService().registerReceiver(
                    mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mBasePackageName, rd, filter,
                    broadcastPermission, userId, flags);
            if (intent != null) {
                intent.setExtrasClassLoader(getClassLoader());
                intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
            }
            return intent;
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
        }
    }

注册广播接收器的函数最终进入到了 ContextImpl 的 registerReceiverInternal 这个函数，这里的成员变量 mPackageInfo 是一个 LoadApk 实例，它是用来负责处理广播的接收。

ActivityThread H

mMainThread.getHandler() 获取的这个 Handler 是用来分发 AMS 发过来的广播。

 private class H extends Handler {
   ...
   public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
   case RECEIVER:                
        handleReceiver((ReceiverData)msg.obj);
                    maybeSnapshot();

     break;
   }

   ....
 }

继续看 handleReceiver

    private void handleReceiver(ReceiverData data) {
                ....

        //应用 Application 局部变量
        Application app;
        //广播局部变量
        BroadcastReceiver receiver;
        //应用 Context
        ContextImpl context;
        try {
            //制作 Applicaiton
            app = packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
            //拿到上下文
            context = (ContextImpl) app.getBaseContext();
            if (data.info.splitName != null) {
                context = (ContextImpl) context.createContextForSplit(data.info.splitName);
            }
            java.lang.ClassLoader cl = context.getClassLoader();
            data.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
            data.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
            data.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
            //通过反射进行实例化广播
            receiver = (BroadcastReceiver)cl.loadClass(component).newInstance();
        } catch (Exception e) {
        try {
            if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
            sCurrentBroadcastIntent.set(data.intent);
            receiver.setPendingResult(data);
            //onReceive 进行调用
        receiver.onReceive(context.getReceiverRestrictedContext(),
                    data.intent);
        } catch (Exception e) {
           ...
        } finally {
            sCurrentBroadcastIntent.set(null);
        }
                ....
    }

mPackageInfo.getReceiverDispatcher 函数实现

//LoadeApk
    public IIntentReceiver getReceiverDispatcher(BroadcastReceiver r,
            Context context, Handler handler,
            Instrumentation instrumentation, boolean registered) {
        synchronized (mReceivers) {
            LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher rd = null;
            ArrayMap<BroadcastReceiver, LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher> map = null;
            if (registered) {
                map = mReceivers.get(context);
                if (map != null) {
                    rd = map.get(r);
                }
            }
            if (rd == null) {
                rd = new ReceiverDispatcher(r, context, handler,
                        instrumentation, registered);
                if (registered) {
                    if (map == null) {
                        map = new ArrayMap<BroadcastReceiver, LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher>();
                        //以Context 为 key,map 为 values 存储到 mReveivers 中
                        mReceivers.put(context, map);
                    }
                    map.put(r, rd);
                }
            } else {
                rd.validate(context, handler);
            }
            rd.mForgotten = false;
            return rd.getIIntentReceiver();
        }
    }

在 LoadedAPK 类中的 getReceivcerDispatcher 函数中，首先看下 r 是不是已经实例化了，如果没有就创建一个，并且以 r 为 key 值保存在一个 HM 集合中，而这个 map 又被存储在了 mReceivers 中，这样只要给定一个 Activity 和 BroadcastReceiver ，就可以查看 LoadedAPK 里面是否已经存在相应的广播接收发布器了。现在在回到 ContextImpl.registerReceiverInternal 函数，获得了 IIntentReceiver 类型的 Binder 对象后，就开始注册到 AMS 中了，具体代码看下面小点。

AMS registerReceiver

    /**
     * 这里是通过 Binder 通知调用
     * @return Intent
     */
    public Intent registerReceiver(IApplicationThread caller, String callerPackage,
            IIntentReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter, String permission, int userId,
            int flags) {
        enforceNotIsolatedCaller("registerReceiver");
        ArrayList<Intent> stickyIntents = null;
        ProcessRecord callerApp = null;
        final boolean visibleToInstantApps
                = (flags & Context.RECEIVER_VISIBLE_TO_INSTANT_APPS) != 0;
        int callingUid;
        int callingPid;
        boolean instantApp;
        synchronized(this) {
            if (caller != null) {
                //1. 获取进ProcessRecord
                callerApp = getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
                if (callerApp == null) {
                            ...代码省略...
                }

                      ...代码省略...

            //2. 根据 Action 查找匹配的 sticky 接收器
            Iterator<String> actions = filter.actionsIterator();
            if (actions == null) {
                ArrayList<String> noAction = new ArrayList<String>(1);
                noAction.add(null);
                actions = noAction.iterator();
            }

              ...代码省略...

            //3. 获取 ReceiverList
            ReceiverList rl = mRegisteredReceivers.get(receiver.asBinder());
            if (rl == null) {
                rl = new ReceiverList(this, callerApp, callingPid, callingUid,
                        userId, receiver);
                if (rl.app != null) {
                    rl.app.receivers.add(rl);
                } else {
                    try {
                        receiver.asBinder().linkToDeath(rl, 0);
                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
                        return sticky;
                    }
                    rl.linkedToDeath = true;
                }
                mRegisteredReceivers.put(receiver.asBinder(), rl);
            } else if (rl.uid != callingUid) {
                       ...代码省略...
            }

            //4. 构建 BroadcastFilter 对象并且添加到 ReceiverList 中
            BroadcastFilter bf = new BroadcastFilter(filter, rl, callerPackage,
                    permission, callingUid, userId, instantApp, visibleToInstantApps);
            rl.add(bf);
            if (!bf.debugCheck()) {
                Slog.w(TAG, "==> For Dynamic broadcast");
            }
            mReceiverResolver.addFilter(bf);

                 ...代码省略...

            return sticky;
        }
    }

• 根据上面注释 1 可知，获取进程对应的 pid,uid;
• 注释 2 获取 IntentFilter 的所有 Action；
• 注释 3 把广播接收器的 receiver 保存到了一个 ReceiverList 中，这个列表的宿主进程是 rl.app，就是 MainActivity 所在的进程。
• 注释 4 只是把广播接收器保存起来，但是还没有和 filter 关联起来，这里就创建一个 BroadcastFilter 来把广播接收器列表 rl 和 filter 关联起来，然后保存在 AMS 成员变量 mReceiverResolver 中，这样，就将广播接收器和要接收广播类型的接收器 filter 保存在 AMS 中了，以后就能接到到相应的广播并做处理了。

接下来我们看下 sendBroadcast() 。

onReceive

时序图

在 Activity 通过 sendBroadcast 发送一个广播最后 Binder 发送给 AMS , AMS 根据这个广播的 Action 类型找到相应的广播接收器，然后把这个广播放进自己的消息队列中，完成第一部分广播异步分发。

final int broadcastIntentLocked(ProcessRecord callerApp,
            String callerPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType,
            IIntentReceiver resultTo, int resultCode, String resultData,
            Bundle resultExtras, String[] requiredPermissions, int appOp, Bundle bOptions,
            boolean ordered, boolean sticky, int callingPid, int callingUid, int userId) {
        intent = new Intent(intent);

            ......代码省略....

        if (intent.getComponent() == null) {

              ......代码省略....

            } else {
                //查询到该 Intent 对应的 BroadcastFilter 也就是接收器列表
                registeredReceivers = mReceiverResolver.queryIntent(intent,
                        resolvedType, false /*defaultOnly*/, userId);
            }
        }

          ......代码省略....

            if (!replaced) {
                queue.enqueueParallelBroadcastLocked(r);
                //处理广播分发
                queue.scheduleBroadcastsLocked();
            }
            registeredReceivers = null;
            NR = 0;
        }

                 ......代码省略....

        return ActivityManager.BROADCAST_SUCCESS;
    }

AMS 在消息循环中处理这个广播，并通过 Binder 机制把这个广播分发给注册的 ReceiverDispatch ，ReceiverDispatch 把这个广播放进 MainActivity 所在进程的消息队列中，完成第二部分异步消息分发。

public void scheduleBroadcastsLocked() {
        if (DEBUG_BROADCAST) Slog.v(TAG_BROADCAST, "Schedule broadcasts ["
                + mQueueName + "]: current="
                + mBroadcastsScheduled);

        if (mBroadcastsScheduled) {
            return;
        }
        //通过 Handler 分发
        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG, this));
        mBroadcastsScheduled = true;
    }
    private final class BroadcastHandler extends Handler {
            ......
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG: {
                    if (DEBUG_BROADCAST) Slog.v(
                            TAG_BROADCAST, "Received BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG");
                    //处理下一个广播
                    processNextBroadcast(true);
                } break;
               ....
            }
        }
    }

ReceiverDispatch 的内部类 Args 在 MainActivity 所在的线程消息循环中处理这个广播，最终是将这个广播分发给注册的 Receiver 实例的 onReceiver 处理。

public final class LoadedApk {
  ...
     static final class ReceiverDispatcher {

           final class Args extends BroadcastReceiver.PendingResult {

             ....

            public final Runnable getRunnable() {
                return () -> {
              ....
                    try {
                        ClassLoader cl = mReceiver.getClass().getClassLoader();
                        intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
                        intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
                        setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
                        receiver.setPendingResult(this);
                        //回调到接收广播的 onReceiver
                        receiver.onReceive(mContext, intent);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                      ...
                };
            }
        }
     }

  ...
}

总结

注册跟接收源码分析就到这里差不多了，简单来说广播就是一个订阅 - 发布的过程，通过一些 map 存储 BroadcastReceiver ，key 就是封装了这些广播的信息类，如 Action 之类的，当发布一个广播时通过 AMS 到这个 map 中查询注册了这个广播的 IntentFilter 的 BroadcastReceiver , 然后通过 ReceiverDispatch 将广播分发给各个订阅的对象，从而完成了整个通信过程。
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