Nginx进阶

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-11 17:58:35 发布

Couldrush

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-11 17:58:35 发布

阅读量797

点赞数

文章标签： nginx ssl https

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Couldrush/article/details/127311953

版权

Nginx进阶

https配置

生成私钥，生成证书签署请求并获得证书，然后在nginx.conf中配置

server {
  listen       443 ssl;
  server_name  www.idfsoft.com;
  ssl_certificate      /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.crt;
  ssl_certificate_key  /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.key;
  ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
  ssl_session_timeout  5m;
  ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
  location / {
    root   html;
    index  index.html index.htm;
  }
}

获取证书有方式有两种，其一是openssl实现私有CA签发证书，其二是免费SSL证书申请。在个人实验环境中二者选其一即可，但在企业的生产环境中必须要购买证书进行部署。

openssl实现私有CA签发证书

#创建私有CA存放位置
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /etc/pki/CA
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA
[root@localhost CA]# mkdir private
#服务端生成密钥
[root@localhost CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
....+++++
.........................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
#提取公钥
[root@localhost CA]# openssl rsa -in private/cakey.pem -pubout
writing RSA key
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA1R3BrFLzEFub1t8k2CPd
EZcUoXvmSJVGNf99LgISs+zzY7Jl0s97bcNLaB91h/riPNHq9Z/hyeqfTbSVNKeO
s4Z6RuM7m/Bpm1cSt53FOgrz41GBs/DT9V0CzJABCiWjJziQOIn93JElTNOttDKD
AOMwo88u+b1kG/GcSfkLpNn871X/5YKp1YRXMmE8TLfvpp6hXmvojai2MpxIGCcJ
DC/oDtKOKtsPGUAW6xB7ZpIcQsw+n3JMhiCgKsYeGZ1ZKHM9LFTB7s02Xe0pQwhZ
fzQ3N1nR9fpC6eiU3DkV1h4V+2mUD36Omgqz9H3+DrPn+xAfGSVBtxrmBFvxJMAV
+wIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
#生成自签署证书，请记住这里填写的信息，后面生成的证书签署请求文件填写的信息要与这里完全一致
[root@localhost CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HB
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WH
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:www.yf.com
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:www.yf.com
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.yf.com
Email Address []:1@2.com
[root@localhost CA]# ls
cacert.pem  private
[root@localhost CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl
[root@localhost CA]# touch index.txt && echo 01 > serial
[root@localhost CA]# ls
cacert.pem  certs  crl  index.txt  newcerts  private  serial
[root@localhost CA]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# mkdir ssl
[root@localhost conf]# cd ssl/
#客户端生成密钥
[root@localhost ssl]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out nginx.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
.....+++++
..............................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
#客户端生成证书签署请求文件，这里填写的信息要与前面的完全一致，不然无法签署成功
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl req -new -key nginx.key -days 365 -out nginx.csr
Ignoring -days; not generating a certificate
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HB
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WH
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:www.yf.com
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:www.yf.com
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.yf.com
Email Address []:1@2.com

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
[root@localhost ssl]# ls
nginx.csr  nginx.key
#CA签署客户端的证书
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl ca -in nginx.csr -out nginx.crt -days 365
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
        Validity
            Not Before: Oct 13 12:38:41 2022 GMT
            Not After : Oct 13 12:38:41 2023 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = CN
            stateOrProvinceName       = HB
            organizationName          = www.yf.com
            organizationalUnitName    = www.yf.com
            commonName                = www.yf.com
            emailAddress              = 1@2.com
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints:
                CA:FALSE
            Netscape Comment:
                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                04:7E:A7:7C:55:34:E8:B8:52:D0:C5:CE:FA:C4:14:E2:A5:96:08:A2
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid:76:81:2D:69:5B:17:F6:52:4C:C4:91:7C:BC:FD:90:21:01:C0:49:F7

Certificate is to be certified until Oct 13 12:38:41 2023 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[root@localhost ssl]# ls
nginx.crt  nginx.csr  nginx.key
#csr是证书签署请求文件，已完成了它的使命，后续不再用到
[root@localhost ssl]# rm -f nginx.csr
[root@localhost ssl]# ls
nginx.crt  nginx.key

免费https证书申请

zabbix监控nginx状态界面

状态页面信息详解：

状态码	表示的意义
Active connections 2	当前所有处于打开状态的连接数
accepts	总共处理了多少个连接
handled	成功创建多少握手
requests	总共处理了多少个请求
Reading	nginx读取到客户端的Header信息数，表示正处于接收请求状态的连接数
Writing	nginx返回给客户端的Header信息数，表示请求已经接收完成，且正处于处理请求或发送响应的过程中的连接数
Waiting	开启keep-alive的情况下，这个值等于active - (reading + writing)，意思就是Nginx已处理完正在等候下一次请求指令的驻留连接

环境说明：

系统	主机名	IP
centos8	nginx	192.168.142.147	nginx zabbix-agentd
centos8	zabbix	192.168.111.143	LAMP zabbix-server zabbix-agentd

开启状态界面

//修改配置文件
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
        location /nginx_status {
            stub_status on;			//开启status
        }
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart nginx

修改配置文件

//修改zabbix配置文件
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
Server=192.168.111.143     //服务端ip
ServerActive=192.168.111.143  //服务端ip
Hostname=test   //监控主机名

//编写脚本
[root@nginx ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@nginx ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@nginx scripts]# vim check_nginx.sh
#Script to fetch nginx statuses for monitoring systems

HOST="127.0.0.1"
PORT="80"

function ping {
    /sbin/pidof nginx | wc -l
}

function active {
    /usr/bin/curl "http://$HOST:$PORT/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Active' | awk '{print $NF}'
}
function reading {
    /usr/bin/curl "http://$HOST:$PORT/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Reading' | awk '{print $2}'
}
function writing {
    /usr/bin/curl "http://$HOST:$PORT/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Writing' | awk '{print $4}'
}
function waiting {
    /usr/bin/curl "http://$HOST:$PORT/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Waiting' | awk '{print $6}'
}
function accepts {
    /usr/bin/curl "http://$HOST:$PORT/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| awk NR==3 | awk '{print $1}'
}
function handled {
    /usr/bin/curl "http://$HOST:$PORT/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| awk NR==3 | awk '{print $2}'
}
function requests {
    /usr/bin/curl "http://$HOST:$PORT/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| awk NR==3 | awk '{print $3}'
}
$1
[root@nginx scripts]# chmod +x check_nginx.sh 
[root@nginx scripts]# ll
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 968 Oct 13 15:17 check_nginx.sh

//开启自定义监控
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
UnsafeUserParameters=1   		//添加
UserParameter=check_nginx[*],/bin/bash /scripts/check_nginx.sh $1 	//添加

//重启服务
[root@nginx ~]# pkill zabbix
[root@nginx ~]# zabbix_agentd 
[root@nginx ~]# ss -anlt
State        Recv-Q       Send-Q               Local Address:Port                Peer Address:Port       Process       
LISTEN       0            128                        0.0.0.0:80                       0.0.0.0:*                        
LISTEN       0            128                        0.0.0.0:22                       0.0.0.0:*                        
LISTEN       0            128                        0.0.0.0:443                      0.0.0.0:*                        
LISTEN       0            128                        0.0.0.0:10050                    0.0.0.0:*                        
LISTEN       0            128                           [::]:22                          [::]:*                        


//服务端进行测试
[root@zabbix ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.142.152 -k check_nginx[active]		//修改中括号内想要查看的状态名称即可
1
[root@zabbix ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.142.152 -k check_nginx[accepts]
4
[root@zabbix ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.142.152 -k check_nginx[handled]
5