蒙特卡洛算法及其实例的可视化

这里先简单介绍一下蒙特卡洛算法,是一种统计学的方法,也是一种模拟的思想.
通过大量随机样本,去了解一个系统,进而得到要计算的值(近似值).
样本量越大,模拟出来的值越准确.
1.求PI值
利用面积,pi=落在圆内的点的数量/点的总数量*4;
代码:
AlgoFrame.java

package Test;

import java.awt.*;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import javax.swing.*;

public class AlgoFrame extends JFrame {
   

    private int canvasWidth;
    private int canvasHeight;

    public AlgoFrame(String title, int canvasWidth, int canvasHeight) {
   

        super(title);

        this.canvasWidth = canvasWidth;
        this.canvasHeight = canvasHeight;

        AlgoCanvas canvas = new AlgoCanvas();
        setContentPane(canvas);
        pack();

        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setResizable(false);

        setVisible(true);
    }

    public AlgoFrame(String title) {
   

        this(title, 1024, 768);
    }

    public int getCanvasWidth() {
   
        return canvasWidth;
    }

    public int getCanvasHeight() {
   
        return canvasHeight;
    }

    // data
    private MonteCarloPiData data;

    public void render(MonteCarloPiData data) {
   
        this.data = data;
        repaint();
    }

    private class AlgoCanvas extends JPanel {
   

        public AlgoCanvas() {
   
            // 双缓存
            super(true);
        }

        @Override
        public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
   
            super.paintComponent(g);

            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;

            // 抗锯齿
            RenderingHints hints = new RenderingHints(
                    RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
                    RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
            hints.put(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
            g2d.addRenderingHints(hints);

            // 具体绘制
            AlgoVisHelper.setStrokeWidth(g2d, 3);
            AlgoVisHelper.setColor(g2d, AlgoVisHelper.Blue);
            Circle circle = data.getCircle();
            AlgoVisHelper.strokeCircle(g2d, circle.getX(), circle.getY(), circle.getR());

            for (int i = 0; i < data.getPointsNumber(); i++) {
   
                Point p = data.getPoint(i);
                if (circle.contain(p))
                    AlgoVisHelper.setColor(g2d, AlgoVisHelper.Red);
                else
                    AlgoVisHelper.setColor(g2d, AlgoVisHelper.Green);

                AlgoVisHelper.fillCircle(g2d, p.x, p.y, 3);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
   
            return new Dimension(canvasWidth, canvasHeight);
        }
    }
}

AlgoVisualizer.java

package Test;

import java.awt.*;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import javax.swing.*;

public class AlgoVisualizer {
   

    private static int DELAY = 40;

    private MonteCarloPiData data;
    private AlgoFrame frame;
    private int N;

    public AlgoVisualizer(int sceneWidth, int sceneHeight, int N) {
   

        if (sceneWidth != sceneHeight)
            throw new