k8s---Kubernetes的文件形式管理

Kubernetes的文件形式管理

●Kubernetes支持YAML和JSON格式创建资源对象

●JSON格式用于接口之间消息的传递（用于开发层面）

●YAML格式用于配置和管理（用于创建资源）

●YAML是一种简洁的非标记性语言

●语法格式：

• 缩进标识层级关系
• 不支持制表符（tab键）缩进，使用空格缩进
• 通常开头缩进两个空格
• 字符后缩进一个空格，如冒号，逗号，短横杆等
• “—”表示YAML格式，一个文件的开始
• “#”表示注释

[root@master ~]# kubectl api-versions     ##查看版本号
admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1   ##用于调某个接口使用
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apps/v1     ##用的较多
apps/v1beta1    ##带有beta代表测试版本
apps/v1beta2
authentication.k8s.io/v1    ##用于身份验证
authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1
authorization.k8s.io/v1
authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
autoscaling/v1
autoscaling/v2beta1
autoscaling/v2beta2
batch/v1
batch/v1beta1
certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1
coordination.k8s.io/v1beta1
events.k8s.io/v1beta1
extensions/v1beta1
networking.k8s.io/v1    ##网络资源
policy/v1beta1
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1   ##rbac权限资源
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
scheduling.k8s.io/v1beta1    ##调度资源
storage.k8s.io/v1    ##存储资源
storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
v1

一．如何使用yaml文件创建某个资源

[root@master ~]# mkdir demo    ##创建一个存放目录
[root@master ~]# cd demo/
[root@master demo]# vim nginx-deployment.yaml    ##编写一个nginx的yaml文件资源
apiVersion: apps/v1    ##创建一个业务
kind: Deployment    ##创建资源的类型（无状态化）
metadata:           ##描述信息
name: nginx-deployment     ##资源名称     
  labels:        ##定义标签
    app: nginx    
spec:           ##描述资源属性
  replicas: 3    ##副本集数量为3
  selector:       ##选择器
    matchLabels:   ##匹配标签
      app: nginx    ##注意这边标签和上面定义的标签要一致
  template:         ##模板定义（可以不加）
    metadata:     
      labels:
        app: nginx   ##定义标签
    spec:       ##模板定义的属性信息
      containers:   ##容器的属性
      - name: nginx   ##容器名称
        image: nginx:1.15.4   ##下载的镜像（如果指明详细版本nginx后面要加“：”）
        ports:   ##端口号
        - containerPort: 80    ##容器端口号（这边只是创建资源，没有发布）

1.查看字段帮助信息

[root@master demo]# kubectl explain pods.spec.containers   ##查看pod底下的spec底下的containers的信息；“.”代表层级关系

[root@master demo]#  kubectl create -f nginx-deployment.yaml    ##基于ymal文件格式创建nginx的资源
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created
[root@master demo]#  kubectl get pods    ##查看资源信息
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-68cw6   1/1     Running   0          46s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-k7w2c   1/1     Running   0          46s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-q7qwk   1/1     Running   0          46s

2.创建service资源

[root@master demo]# vim nginx-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service    ##资源类型变为service 
metadata:
  name: nginx-service   ##定义名字
  labels:
    app: nginx  
spec:
  name: nginx-service
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  type: NodePort    ##端口类型为NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 80        ##pod端口
    targetPort: 80    ##target端口
  selector:
    app: nginx
[root@master demo]# kubectl create -f nginx-service.yaml    ##创建service资源
service/nginx-service created
[root@master demo]# kubectl get svc    ##查看service资源信息
NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes      ClusterIP   10.0.0.1     <none>        443/TCP        2d5h
nginx-service   NodePort    10.0.0.214   <none>        80:47776/TCP     ##对外暴露的端口为47776

3.这时打开浏览器就可以访问输入http://192.168.148.140:47776/或者http://192.168.148.139:47776/就可以访问nginx的页面信息

二．测试命令的正确性

●–dry-run：不创建资源只验证命令的正确性

[root@master demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run    ##验证创建nginx的pod资源命令是否正确，不正确会报错
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created (dry run)

三．查看生成yaml格式

[root@master demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o yaml   ##加-o yaml就可以将资源生成yaml格式显示出来
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    run: nginx-deployment
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      run: nginx-deployment
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        run: nginx-deployment
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx-deployment
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        resources: {}
status: {}

查看生成的json格式

[root@master demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o json    ##也可以生成json格式
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
{
    "kind": "Deployment",
    "apiVersion": "apps/v1beta1",
    "metadata": {
        "name": "nginx-deployment",
        "creationTimestamp": null,
        "labels": {
            "run": "nginx-deployment"
        }
    },
    "spec": {
        "replicas": 3,
        "selector": {
            "matchLabels": {
                "run": "nginx-deployment"
            }
        },
        "template": {
            "metadata": {
                "creationTimestamp": null,
                "labels": {
                    "run": "nginx-deployment"
                }
            },
            "spec": {
                "containers": [
                    {
                        "name": "nginx-deployment",
                        "image": "nginx",
                        "ports": [
                            {
                                "containerPort": 80
                            }
                        ],
                        "resources": {}
                    }
                ]
            }
        },
        "strategy": {}
    },
    "status": {}
}

四．将格式生成到某个文件中

1.基于没有创建的资源

[root@master demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o yaml > my-deployment.yaml    ##将nginx资源格式生成到my-deployment.yaml文件中
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
[root@master demo]# ls
my-deployment.yaml  nginx-deployment.yaml  nginx-service.yaml
[root@master demo]# vim my-deployment.yaml     ##查看生成的文件格式  
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    run: nginx-deployment
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      run: nginx-deployment
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        run: nginx-deployment
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx-deployment
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        resources: {}
status: {}

2.基于现有的资源生成模板导出（适用于做备份）

[root@master demo]# kubectl get pods    ##查看资源信息
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-68cw6   1/1     Running   0          27m
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-k7w2c   1/1     Running   0          27m
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-q7qwk   1/1     Running   0          27m
[root@master demo]# kubectl get deploy/nginx-deployment --export -o yaml   ##基于已有的nginx资源生成模板
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "1"
  creationTimestamp: null
  generation: 1
  labels:
    app: nginx
  name: nginx-deployment
  selfLink: /apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/default/deployments/nginx-deployment
spec:
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
  replicas: 3
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25%
      maxUnavailable: 25%
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx:1.15.4
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          protocol: TCP
        resources: {}
        terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
        terminationMessagePolicy: File
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      restartPolicy: Always
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      securityContext: {}
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
status: {}
[root@master demo]# kubectl get deploy/nginx-deployment --export -o yaml > nginx2.yaml   ##将生成的模板保存生成nginx2.yaml文件