Scanner调用next方法时报错NoSuchElementException原因，及对Scanner的一些总结

1. 对象new Scanner(System.in)调用close()后，如果又使用重新创建了对象，在调用next方法时报错NoSuchElementException

   jshell> Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
   s ==> java.util.Scanner[delimiters=\p{javaWhitespace}+] ... \E][infinity string=\Q∞\E]
   
   jshell> s.next();
   Hello
   $2 ==> "Hello"
   
   jshell> s.close();
   
   jshell> Scanner s1 = new Scanner(System.in);
   s1 ==> java.util.Scanner[delimiters=\p{javaWhitespace}+] ... \E][infinity string=\Q∞\E]
   
   jshell> s1.next();
   |  异常错误 java.util.NoSuchElementException
   |        at Scanner.throwFor (Scanner.java:937)
   |        at Scanner.next (Scanner.java:1478)
   |        at (#5:1)
   
   jshell> Scanner s2 = new Scanner("Hello world\n");
   s2 ==> java.util.Scanner[delimiters=\p{javaWhitespace}+] ... \E][infinity string=\Q∞\E]
   
   jshell> s2.next();
   $7 ==> "Hello"
   
   jshell> s2.close();
   
   jshell> Scanner s3 = new Scanner("world\n");
   s3 ==> java.util.Scanner[delimiters=\p{javaWhitespace}+] ... \E][infinity string=\Q∞\E]
   
   jshell> s3.next();
   $10 ==> "world"
   

   可见，上述Scanner的实例中只有构造方法传入System.in的不能再重新创建。
   原因:
   在调用s1.close()方法时，系统关闭了System.in，而且不能再重新打开。
   解决方案：
   使用完后不调用close方法。
   参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/Sunrises/p/7277162.html

2. 使用next方法读取时会跳过分隔符(默认为空白符包括空格，\t,\n, \r等)，分割符可通过useDelimiter指定：

    Scanner s = new Scanner(input).useDelimiter("\\s*fish\\s*");
   

3. nextLine

   3.1 该方法会取走该行剩余部分，并返回行分隔符之前的部分

   jshell>  String input = "1 fish 2 fish red fish blue fish";
      ...>  Scanner s = new Scanner(input).useDelimiter("\\s*fish\\s*");
   input ==> "1 fish 2 fish red fish blue fish"
   s ==> java.util.Scanner[delimiters=\s*fish\s*][position ... \E][infinity string=\Q∞\E]
   
   jshell> s.next()
   $3 ==> "1"
   
   jshell> s.nextLine()
   $4 ==> " fish 2 fish red fish blue fish"
   
   jshell> s.hasNext()
   $5 ==> false
   

   3.2 如果当前行只剩行分隔符，则返回空字符串""

   3.2.1 使用 \n作行分割符：

    jshell> Scanner sc = new Scanner("\n");
    sc ==> java.util.Scanner[delimiters=\p{javaWhitespace}+] ... \E][infinity string=\Q∞\E]
    
    jshell> sc.nextLine();
    $7 ==> ""
   

   3.2.2 使用\r\n作行分隔符：

   jshell> Scanner sc = new Scanner("\r\n");
   sc ==> java.util.Scanner[delimiters=\p{javaWhitespace}+] ... \E][infinity string=\Q∞\E]
   
   jshell> sc.nextLine();
   $9 ==> ""
   

   比较全的例子：

   jshell> Scanner s2 = new Scanner("2020\nThe meaning\rof\tlife\nis\r\nto\nfind\r\nyour gift");
   s2 ==> java.util.Scanner[delimiters=\p{javaWhitespace}+] ... \E][infinity string=\Q∞\E]
   
   jshell> s2.nextInt();
   $45 ==> 2020
   
   jshell> s2.next();  //遇到空格
   $46 ==> "The"
   
   jshell> s2.next();  //遇到回车符\r
   $47 ==> "meaning"
   
   jshell> s2.next();  //遇到制表符\t
   $48 ==> "of"
   
   jshell> s2.next();  //遇到换行符\n
   $49 ==> "life"
   
   jshell> s2.next();  //遇到回车换行
   $50 ==> "is"
   
   jshell> s2.nextLine();  //从缓冲区取走回车换行
   $51 ==> ""
   
   jshell> s2.nextLine();
   $52 ==> "to"
   
   jshell> s2.nextLine();
   $53 ==> "find"
   
   jshell> s2.nextLine();  
   $54 ==> "your gift"
   
   jshell> s2.nextLine();  //缓冲区无内容
   |  异常错误 java.util.NoSuchElementException：No line found
   |        at Scanner.nextLine (Scanner.java:1651)
   |        at (#55:1)