06-HttpServletResponse

web 服务器接收到客户端的 http 请求,针对这个请求,分别创建一个代表请求的 HttpServletRequest 对象,代表响应的一个 HttpServletResponse 对象。

  • 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数:找 HttpServletRequest
  • 如果要给客户端响应一些信息:找 HttpServletResponse

1. HttpServletResponse中的方法

1.1 负责向浏览器发送数据的方法
public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;

public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;
1.2 负责向浏览器发送响应头的常用方法
public void setCharacterEncoding(String charset);

public void setContentLength(int len);

public void setContentLengthLong(long len);

public void setContentType(String type);

public void setDateHeader(String name, long date);

public void addDateHeader(String name, long date);

public void setHeader(String name, String value);

public void addHeader(String name, String value);

public void setIntHeader(String name, int value);

public void addIntHeader(String name, int value);
1.3 响应状态码
public static final int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
public static final int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
public static final int SC_OK = 200;
public static final int SC_CREATED = 201;
public static final int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
public static final int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
public static final int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
public static final int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
public static final int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
public static final int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
public static final int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
public static final int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
public static final int SC_FOUND = 302;
public static final int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
public static final int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
public static final int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
public static final int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
public static final int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
public static final int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
public static final int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
public static final int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
public static final int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
public static final int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
public static final int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
public static final int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
public static final int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
public static final int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
public static final int SC_GONE = 410;
public static final int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
public static final int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
public static final int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
public static final int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
public static final int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
public static final int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
public static final int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
public static final int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
public static final int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
public static final int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
public static final int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
public static final int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
public static final int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

2. HttpServletResponse常见应用

  • 向浏览器输出信息
  • 下载文件
  • 验证码实现
  • 重定向
2.1 下载文件

步骤:

  1. 获取下载文件的路径
  2. 获取下载文件的名称
  3. 设置响应头信息,让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
  4. 获取下载文件的输入流
  5. 创建缓冲区
  6. 获取OutputStream对象
  7. 将FileInputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
  8. 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端

(1)创建一个类,ResponseServlet.java,内容如下

package com.yuhuofei.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

/**
 * @Description 下载文件
 * @ClassName ResponseServlet
 * @Author yuhuofei
 * @Date 2022/5/15 23:29
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class ResponseServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1、获取要下载的文件的路径
        String filePath = "D:\\IDEA\\person-project\\javaweb\\01-servlet\\src\\main\\resources\\Pod架构图.JPG";
        //2、获取要下载的文件的名称
        String fileName = filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        //3、设置响应头,让浏览器能支持下载文件,并设置编码为UTF-8
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; fileName="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString()));
        //4、获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
        //5、创建缓冲区
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        //6、获取输出流对象
        ServletOutputStream fileOutputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        //7、将fileInputStream写到buffer缓冲区
        while ((len = fileInputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            //8、使用fileOutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端
            fileOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //9、关闭流
        fileInputStream.close();
        fileOutputStream.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

(2)修改 web.xml,如下所示

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--    注册servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>download</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.yuhuofei.servlet.ResponseServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <!--    配置servlet的请求路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>download</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/downloadFile</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

(3)启动 tomcat 服务器,在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:8080/01-servlet/downloadFile ,然后回车

在这里插入图片描述

2.2 图形验证码功能

(1)新建一个 ImageServlet.java 类,内容如下

package com.yuhuofei.servlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * @Description 图形验证码功能
 * @ClassName ImageServlet
 * @Author yuhuofei
 * @Date 2022/5/16 0:15
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置每3秒自动刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh", "3");

        //在内存中创建一张图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(50, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //操作图片的类,可理解为画笔
        Graphics2D graphics2D = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
        //给图片设置背景颜色,范围是(0,0)到(50,20)
        graphics2D.setColor(Color.white);
        graphics2D.fillRect(0, 0, 50, 20);
        //给图片写数据
        graphics2D.setColor(Color.RED);
        graphics2D.setFont(new Font(null, Font.BOLD, 20));
        graphics2D.drawString(getNum(), 2.5f, 20.0f);

        //设置响应头,告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //设置不缓存
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
        resp.setDateHeader("expires", -1);

        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", resp.getOutputStream());
    }

    //获取随机数
    private String getNum() {
        Random random = new Random();
        //自动生成[0,9999)范围内的随机数
        String num = random.nextInt(9999) + "";
        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        //如果自动生成的随机数不足4位,自动补上0
        for (int i = 0; i < 4 - num.length(); i++) {
            stringBuilder.append("0");
        }
        num = stringBuilder.toString() + num;
        return num;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

(2)修改 web.xml 的内容,如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--    注册servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>image</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.yuhuofei.servlet.ImageServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <!--    配置servlet的请求路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>image</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getImage</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

(3)启动 tomcat 服务器,请求 http://localhost:8080/01-servlet/getImage ,结果如下

在这里插入图片描述

2.3 实现重定向

常见的重定向应用场景是用户登录,下面示例演示重定向。

(1)新建一个 RedirectServlet.java 类,内容如下

package com.yuhuofei.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Description 验证重定向
 * @ClassName ImageServlet
 * @Author yuhuofei
 * @Date 2022/5/16 23:41
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //重定向到图形验证码页面
        resp.sendRedirect("/01-servlet/getImage");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

(2)修改 web.xml 文件,如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--    注册图形验证码的servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>image</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.yuhuofei.servlet.ImageServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <!--    配置图形验证码的请求路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>image</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getImage</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--    注册重定向的servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>redirect</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.yuhuofei.servlet.RedirectServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <!--    配置重定向的请求路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>redirect</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/redirect</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

(3)启动 tomcat 服务器,在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:8080/01-servlet/redirect ,然后回车,结果如下,展示了图形验证码的页面,并且浏览器的地址栏也变为了 http://localhost:8080/01-servlet/getImage ,重定向成功。

在这里插入图片描述

重定向和转发的区别:

  • 相同点:页面都会实现跳转
  • 不同点:(1)转发,浏览器地址栏的 url 不会变化,状态码是 307 ,转发路径写 /资源名 就行(2)重定向,浏览器地址栏的 url 会变化,状态码是 302 ,重定向路径要写 /上下文/资源名

二者的原理示意图如下:

在这里插入图片描述
请求转发:A 请求 B ,B 将请求转发给 C 进行处理,C 处理完成后将结果返回给 B ,然后 B 再将结果返回给 A 。

请求重定向:A 请求 B ,B 直接返回且告诉 A 去请求 C ,让 C 进行处理,然后 A 请求 C 。

2.4 一个简单的登录重定向示例

(1)新建一个 LoginServlet.java 类,内容如下

package com.yuhuofei.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Description 登录接口
 * @ClassName LoginServlet
 * @Author yuhuofei
 * @Date 2022/5/17 20:14
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println("用户名是:" + username + "\n" + "密码是:" + password);

        //重定向到登录成功页面
        resp.sendRedirect("/01-servlet/LoginSuccess.jsp");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

(2)修改 web.xml 文件,如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--    注册登录的servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>login</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.yuhuofei.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <!--    配置登录的请求路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>login</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
</web-app>

(3)修改 index.jsp 文件,如下

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<body>
<h2>登录</h2>

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
    账号: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
    密码: <input type="password" name="password"><br>
    <input type="submit">
</form>

</body>
</html>

(4)新增一个 LoginSuccess.jsp 文件,与 index.jsp 在同一个目录下

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录成功!</h1>
</body>
</html>

(5)启动 tomcat 服务器,浏览器会自动打开首页,然后输入账号密码进行登录,结果如下

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

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