Java：接口示例

Java类库中也定义了许多接口，有些接口中没有定义任何方法，这些接口称为标识接口，如java.lang包中定义的Cloneable接口、java.io包中的Serializable接口。有些接口中定义了若干方法，如java.lang包中Comparable接口中定义的comapreTo()方法、AutoClosable接口定义的close()方法、Runnable接口中定义的run()方法。

Comparable接口

要比较两个String对象的大小，可以使用String类的compareTo()方法。现在假设要比较两个Square对象的大小，Square类是用户定义的类，无法比较大小。要想比较Square对象的大小，如按面积比较，需要实现Comparable< T >接口的compareTo()方法。

• Shape抽象类

public abstract class Shape {
	String name;

	public Shape() {
		super();
	}

	public Shape(String name) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
	}

	public abstract double getArea();

	public abstract double getPerimeter();

}

• Square类

public class Square extends Shape implements Comparable<Square> {
	private double length;
	private double width;

	public Square() {
		this(1, 1);
	}

	public Square(double length, double width) {
		this.length = length;
		this.width = width;
	}

	@Override
	public double getArea() {	//面积
		return length * width;
	}

	@Override
	public double getPerimeter() {	//周长
		return 2 * (length + width);
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Square [length=" + length + ", width=" + width + "]";
	}

	@Override
	public int compareTo(Square o) {	//面积从小到大排序
		return (int) (getArea() - o.getArea());
	}

}

• TestComparable类

import java.util.Arrays;

public class TestComparable {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Square[] s = { new Square(), new Square(2, 2), new Square(2, 5), new Square(3, 4) };
		Arrays.sort(s);
		for (Square x : s) {
			System.out.print(x + "\t");
		}
	}

}

• 控制台测试结果

Square [length=1.0, width=1.0]	Square [length=2.0, width=2.0]	Square [length=2.0, width=5.0]	Square [length=3.0, width=4.0]	

编程练习

eg：设计一个Position类，该类有x和y两个成员变量表示坐标。要求该类实现Comparable接口的compareTo()方法，实现比较两个Position对象到原点（0，0）的距离之差。

• Position类

public class Position implements Comparable<Position> {
	double x;
	double y;

	public Position() {
		super();
	}

	public Position(double x, double y) {
		super();
		this.x = x;
		this.y = y;
	}

	public double getX() {
		return x;
	}

	public void setX(double x) {
		this.x = x;
	}

	public double getY() {
		return y;
	}

	public void setY(double y) {
		this.y = y;
	}

	public double distance() { // 到原点的距离
		return Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y);
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "(" + x + "," + y + ")";
	}

	@Override
	public int compareTo(Position arg0) {	//距离从小到大排序
		return (int) (Math.pow(distance(), 2) - Math.pow(arg0.distance(), 2));
	}

}

• TestComparable类

import java.util.Arrays;

public class TestComparable {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Position[] a = { new Position(), new Position(2, 5), new Position(1, 1), new Position(7, 2), new Position(4, 6) };
		Arrays.sort(a);
		for (Position x : a) {
			System.out.print(x + "\t");
		}
	}

}

• 控制台测试结果

(0.0,0.0)	(1.0,1.0)	(2.0,5.0)	(4.0,6.0)	(7.0,2.0)