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        轻量级爬虫Crawler4j之初体验

Crawler4j：轻量级多线程爬虫
github传送门：https://github.com/yasserg/crawler4j

本篇是对源码中调用Crawler4j例子的学习笔记。
源码中的注释我也保留了，以免理解错误

package code;

import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.crawler.CrawlConfig;
import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.crawler.CrawlController;
import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.fetcher.PageFetcher;
import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.robotstxt.RobotstxtConfig;
import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.robotstxt.RobotstxtServer;

public class crawler4FstTry {

    private static void myCrawlerTry() throws Exception {

        // 设置爬取时数据临时存放目录  
        String crawlStorageFolder = "./tmp"; 
        // 设置爬取线程数
        int numberOfCrawlers = 5;  

        // 初始化爬虫配置
        CrawlConfig config = new CrawlConfig();
        config.setCrawlStorageFolder(crawlStorageFolder);

        /*
         * Be polite: Make sure that we don't send more than 1 request per
         * second (1000 milliseconds between requests).
         */
        /*
         * 设置没多少秒发出一次请求
         * 比如每1000ms发出一个请求
         */
        config.setPolitenessDelay(1000);

        /*
         * You can set the maximum crawl depth here. The default value is -1 for
         * unlimited depth
         */
        /*
         * 每个网页爬取的深度:
         * 比如说
         * 我们准备爬取A网址，A网址中包含网址，B网址中包含C网址
         * 那么 A的深度是1，B的深度是2，C的深度是3
         * 
         */
        config.setMaxDepthOfCrawling(2);

        /*
         * You can set the maximum number of pages to crawl. The default value
         * is -1 for unlimited number of pages
         */
        /*
         * 设置最多爬取多少个url
         * 设为-1则是无限制
         */
        config.setMaxPagesToFetch(1000);

        /*
         * 如果需要爬google或者另外一些需要代理的网址
         * 通过下面方法可以设置代理
         */
//      config.setProxyHost("");
//      config.setProxyPort(0);

        /*
         * 这个参数用来设置你的爬虫是否可恢复
         * 举个栗子：当该参数设为ture时，我们爬虫程序中断或是崩溃掉后
         * 重启爬虫，爬虫会从上次中断的地方继续开始爬
         */
        config.setResumableCrawling(false);

        /*
         * 实例化爬虫的controller
         */
        PageFetcher pageFetcher = new PageFetcher(config);
        RobotstxtConfig robotstxtConfig = new RobotstxtConfig();
        RobotstxtServer robotstxtServer = new RobotstxtServer(robotstxtConfig, pageFetcher);
        CrawlController controller = new CrawlController(config, pageFetcher, robotstxtServer);

        /*
         * 我们需要设置一个初始的url，程序会从这个url开始爬取网页里其他的
         * 的url，并继续爬取所找到的url，不断循环
         */
        controller.addSeed("http://www.ics.uci.edu/");
//      controller.addSeed("http://www.ics.uci.edu/~lopes/");
//      controller.addSeed("http://www.ics.uci.edu/~welling/");

        /* 
         * Start the crawl. This is a blocking operation, meaning that your code 
         * will reach the line after this only when crawling is finished. 
         */  
        /*
         *开始爬取
         */
        controller.start(BasicCrawler.class, numberOfCrawlers);  
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        myCrawlerTry();
    }
}

BasicCrawler.class的源码

package code;

import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.crawler.Page;
import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.crawler.WebCrawler;
import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.parser.HtmlParseData;
import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.url.WebURL;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import org.apache.http.Header;

/**
 * @author Yasser Ganjisaffar <lastname at gmail dot com>
 */
public class BasicCrawler extends WebCrawler {

    //正则表达式，用于匹配url
    private final static Pattern FILTERS = Pattern.compile(".*(\\.(css|js|bmp|gif|jpe?g" + "|png|tiff?|mid|mp2|mp3|mp4"
            + "|wav|avi|mov|mpeg|ram|m4v|pdf" + "|rm|smil|wmv|swf|wma|zip|rar|gz))$");

    /**
     * You should implement this function to specify whether the given url
     * should be crawled or not (based on your crawling logic).
     */
     /**
     * 该方法是判断该url是否需要爬取
     */
    @Override
    public boolean shouldVisit(WebURL url) {
        String href = url.getURL().toLowerCase();
        return !FILTERS.matcher(href).matches() && href.startsWith("http://www.ics.uci.edu/");
    }

    /**
     * This function is called when a page is fetched and ready to be processed
     * by your program.
     */
     /**
     * 当页面被爬取时，这个方法会被调用
     * 用于输出一些页面的信息
     */
    @Override
    public void visit(Page page) {
        //以 www.baidu.com  为例
        //程序定义的ID
        int docid = page.getWebURL().getDocid();
        //url：https://www.baidu.com/
        String url = page.getWebURL().getURL();
        域名，如baidu.com
        String domain = page.getWebURL().getDomain();
        路径，不包含url等参数  如 "/"
        String path = page.getWebURL().getPath();
        //子域名
        String subDomain = page.getWebURL().getSubDomain();
        //父页面
        String parentUrl = page.getWebURL().getParentUrl();
        //锚，即HTML显示的信息，如<a href="***">锚</a>
        String anchor = page.getWebURL().getAnchor();

        System.out.println("Docid: " + docid);
        System.out.println("URL: " + url);
        System.out.println("Domain: '" + domain + "'");
        System.out.println("Sub-domain: '" + subDomain + "'");
        System.out.println("Path: '" + path + "'");
        System.out.println("Parent page: " + parentUrl);
        System.out.println("Anchor text: " + anchor);

        if (page.getParseData() instanceof HtmlParseData) {
            HtmlParseData htmlParseData = (HtmlParseData) page.getParseData();
            //HTML显示的信息
            String text = htmlParseData.getText();
            //HTML全部代码  
            String html = htmlParseData.getHtml();
            //在该页面发现的全部URL地址
            List<WebURL> links = htmlParseData.getOutgoingUrls();

            System.out.println("Text length: " + text.length());
            System.out.println("Html length: " + html.length());
            System.out.println("Number of outgoing links: " + links.size());
        }

        //页面服务器返回的HTML头信息  
        Header[] responseHeaders = page.getFetchResponseHeaders();
        if (responseHeaders != null) {
            System.out.println("Response headers:");
            for (Header header : responseHeaders) {
                System.out.println("\t" + header.getName() + ": " + header.getValue());
            }
        }

        System.out.println("=============");
    }
}