Ansible中的任务执行控制介绍

---

一、循环

循环迭代任务

1.简单循环

loop:		##赋值列表
  - value1
  - value2
  - ...

{{item}}	##迭代变量名称

实例

---
- name: create file
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  tasks:
    - name: file module
      file:
        name: /mnt/{{item}}
        state: present

      loop:
        - westos_file1
        - westos_file2

2.循环散列或字典列表

---
- name: create file
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  tasks:
    - name: file module
      service:
        name: "{{ item.name}}"
        state: "{{ item.state }}"
      loop:
        - name: httpd
          state: started
        - name: vsftpd
          state: stopped

二、条件

when:
  - 条件1
  - 条件2

条件判断

=			value == "字符串",value == 数字
<			value <  数字
>			value >  数字
<=			value <= 数字
>=			value >= 数字 
!=			value != 数字
is defined value	value is defined	变量存在
is not defined		value is not defined	变量不存在
bool变量 为true		value			value的值为true
bool变量 false		not value		value的值为false
			value in value2		value的值在value2列表中

多条条件组合

when:
  条件1 and 条件2
  - 条件1
  - 条件2

when:
  条件1 or 条件2

when: >
  条件1
  or
  条件2

三、触发器

• notify：触发器当遇到更改是触发handlers

• handlers：触发器触发后执行的动作

实例

---
- name: create virtualhost for web server
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  vars_files:
    ./vhost_list.yml
  tasks:
    - name: create document
      file:
        path: "{{web2.document}}"
        state: directory
    - name: create vhost.conf
      copy:
        dest: /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf
        content:
          "<VirtualHost *:{{web1.port}}>\n\tServerName {{web1.name}}\n\tDocumentRoot {{web1.document}}\n\tCustomLog logs/{{web1.name}}.log combined\n</VirtualHost>\n\n<VirtualHost *:{{web2.port}}>\n\tServerName {{web2.name}}\n\tDocumentRoot {{web2.document}}\n\tCustomLog logs/{{web2.name}}.log combined\n</VirtualHost>"
      notify:
        restart apache

  handlers:
    - name: restart apache
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: restarted

四、处理失败任务

1.ignore_errors
作用：
当play遇到任务失败是会终止，而当ignore_errors: yes 则将会忽略任务失败使下面的任务继续运行。

实例

- name: test
  dnf:
    name: westos
    state: latest
  ignore_errors: yes
  
- name: create file
  file:
    path: /mnt/westos
    state: touch

2.force_handlers
作用：当任务失败后play被终止也会调用触发器进程。

实例

---
- name: apache change port
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  force_handlers: yes
  vars:
    http_port: 80
  tasks:
    - name: configure apache conf file
      lineinfile:
        path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
        regexp: "^Listen"
        line: "Listen {{ http_port }}"
      notify: restart apache

    - name: install error
      dnf:
        name: westos
        state: latest

  handlers:
    - name: restart apache
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: restarted
        enabled: yes

3.changed_when
作用：控制任务在何时报告它已进行更改。

---
- name: apache change port
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  force_handlers: yes
  vars:
    http_port: 8080
  tasks:
    - name: configure apache conf file
      lineinfile:
        path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
        regexp: "^Listen"
        line: "Listen {{ http_port }}"
      changed_when: true
      notify: restart apache

  handlers:
    - name: restart apache
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: restarted
        enabled: yes

4.failed_when
作用：当符合条件时强制任务失败。

---
- name: test
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  tasks:
    - name: shell
      shell: echo hello
      register: westos
      failed_when: "'hello' in westos.stdout"

5.block

block: 		#定义要运行的任务
rescue:		##定义当block句子中出现失败任务后运行的任务
always：	#定义最终独立运行的任务