CentOS安装Mysql-5.7

之前在CentOS上安装mysql-5.7的时候出现很多问题,这里总结一下。

1. 下载Mysql-5.7

首先去MYSQL官网下载mysql-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar(写本篇内容的时候是2016-09-20,后面mysql会有更新,不知道会不会有变化,不过当大家出现此类问题的时候也可以借此解决)。

2. 安装前的准备

把下载好的.tar包放到CentOS的某个目录下,例如/home/user/(user代表当前用户),然后解压

# tar xf mysql-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

安装必须的组件

[ CPU控制 ]
#yum install numactl  
[ 磁盘文件读写 ]                            
#yum install libaio                               
#yum install perl-Time-HiRes per-devel

3. 卸载存在的Mysql

安装mysql-community-server之前,必须安装mysql-community-client和mysql-community-common rpm包。而安装community-client和community-common包之前,必须删除mysql-lib(系统自带的版本过低)。

[ 查看是否有mysql ]
# rpm -qa | grep mysql                                  
mysql-libs-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64
[ 删除mysql以及相关信息 ]
# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64          

4. 安装Mysql-5.7

上面卸载了mysql-lib旧的包,现在安装mysql-lib最新版的文件,这个包在rpm-bundle里面都有, 直接安装即可。

# ls
mysql-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar mysql-community-embedded-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-commu
mysql-community-client-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-commu
mysql-community-common-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

5. 启动Mysql

# service mysql start
mysql: unrecognized service                                     
[ mysql5.7的名称是mysqld ]
# service mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database: [ OK ]
Installing validate password plugin: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[ netstat -tlunp 查看哪些端口占用 ]                                               
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
[ 显示此信息则表示mysql服务启动 ]
tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 19928/mysqld                          

6. 修改Mysql密码

rpm安装mysql后,会自动初始化一个密码,在日志中。

# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2016-03-11T01:44:23.093873Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 8%<rjn;+,11Y

可以看到系统初始化的密码是8%<rjn;+,11Y,之后我们需要使用这个密码登录mysql,然后再修改。
但是由于最新的mysql版本对密码策略有要求,所以必须增加复杂程度才能通过。

# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 此处输入刚才日志文件中的随机密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 14
Server version: 5.7.11

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
[ 符合mysql的密码规则要求 ]
mysql> set password='Yes@126.com';                         
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)

[ 密码不符合要求 ]
mysql> set password='123456';                              
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

提示当前密码不符合mysql的安全策略,这是因为我们的密码不满足mysql预设定的强度,密码强度可由validate password strength()函数评估(返回0至100之间的数),如:

[ 密码强度25 ]
mysql> select VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH('123456');               
+--------------------------------------+
| VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH('123456') |
+--------------------------------------+
|                                   25 |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

这个强度其实与validate_password_policy的值有关。
validate_password_policy有以下取值:

PolicyTests Performed
0 or LOWLength
1 or MEDIUMLength; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters
2 or STRONGLength; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file

默认是1,即MEDIUM,所以刚开始设置的密码必须符合长度,且必须含有数字,小写或大写字母,特殊字符。
在进行一下步骤的时候,需要validate_password插件必须已经安装,MySQL5.7是默认安装的。 那么如何验证validate_password插件是否安装呢?可通过查看以下参数,如果没有安装,则输出将为空。

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |       |
| validate_password_length             | 5     |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1     |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1     |
| validate_password_policy             | LOW   |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 2     |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.18 sec)

有时候,只是为了自己测试,不想密码设置得那么复杂,譬如说,我只想设置root的密码为123456。
必须修改两个全局参数:
首先,修改validate_password_policy参数的值

mysql> select VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH('1');
+---------------------------------+
| VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH('1') |
+---------------------------------+
|                               0 |
+---------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

这样,判断密码的标准就基于密码的长度了。这个由validate_password_length参数来决定。

mysql> select @@validate_password_length;
+----------------------------+
| @@validate_password_length |
+----------------------------+
|                          8 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

validate_password_length参数默认为8,它有最小值的限制,最小值为:

validate_password_length =
validate_password_number_count
+ validate_password_special_char_count
+ (2 * validate_password_mixed_case_count)

其中,validate_password_number_count指定了密码中数据的长度,validate_password_special_char_count指定了密码中特殊字符的长度,validate_password_mixed_case_count指定了密码中大小字母的长度。
这些参数,默认值均为1,所以validate_password_length最小值为4,如果你显性指定validate_password_length的值小于4,尽管不会报错,但validate_password_length的值将设为4。如下所示:

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@validate_password_length;
+----------------------------+
| @@validate_password_length |
+----------------------------+
|                          4 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

如果修改了 validate_password_number_count
validate_password_special_char_count
validate_password_mixed_case_count中任何一个值,则validate_password_length将进行动态修改。

mysql> select @@validate_password_mixed_case_count;
+--------------------------------------+
| @@validate_password_mixed_case_count |
+--------------------------------------+
|                                    1 |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@validate_password_special_char_count;
+----------------------------------------+
| @@validate_password_special_char_count |
+----------------------------------------+
|                                      1 |
+----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@validate_password_number_count;
+----------------------------------+
| @@validate_password_number_count |
+----------------------------------+
|                                1 |
+----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

下面修改三个值中的一个

mysql> select @@validate_password_number_count;
+----------------------------------+
| @@validate_password_number_count |
+----------------------------------+
|                                1 |
+----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_special_char_count=2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@validate_password_special_char_count;
+----------------------------------------+
| @@validate_password_special_char_count |
+----------------------------------------+
|                                      2 |
+----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@validate_password_length;
+----------------------------+
| @@validate_password_length |
+----------------------------+
|                          5 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

现在再来修改密码(经过刚才的设置,密码可以不含有特殊字符,不过最少要五位)。

mysql> set password="123456";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set password="1234";
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
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