[Spring框架]深入Spring事务源码剖析事务(二)


这里感谢 CSDN 的原博客: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41737716/article/details/84860614

1、前情概要

上一篇文章我们说到深入Spring事务源码剖析事务(一),讲解了事务的Advisor是如何注册进Spring容器的,也讲解了Spring是如何将有配置事务的类配置上事务的,实际上也就是用了AOP那一套,也讲解了Advisorpointcut验证流程,至此,事务的初始化工作都已经完成了,在之后的调用过程,如果代理类的方法被调用,都会调用BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor这个Advisor的增强方法,也就是我们还未提到的那个Advisor里面的advise,还记得吗,在自定义标签的时候我们将TransactionInterceptor这个Advice作为bean注册进IOC容器,并且将其注入进Advisor中,最终事务的功能都在advise中体现,所以我们先来关注一下TransactionInterceptor这个类吧。

2、事务增强器TransactionInterceptor

2.1、类继承关系

先来看看此类的继承关系,这个类实现了MethodInterceptor接口,同时也是一个Advice,在AOP中,我们知道代理类在执行方法的时候,会动态匹配执行的方法是否有相应的Advisor与之匹配,如果可以匹配,将会把Advisor转换成一个执行链,这个方法在DefaultAdvisorChainFactory中:

	/**
	 * 从提供的配置实例config中获取advisor列表,遍历处理这些advisor.如果是IntroductionAdvisor,
	 * 则判断此Advisor能否应用到目标类targetClass上.如果是PointcutAdvisor,则判断
	 * 此Advisor能否应用到目标方法method上.将满足条件的Advisor通过AdvisorAdaptor转化成Interceptor列表返回.
	 */
	@Override
	public List<Object> getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(
			Advised config, Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass) {

		// This is somewhat tricky... We have to process introductions first,
		// but we need to preserve order in the ultimate list.
		List<Object> interceptorList = new ArrayList<>(config.getAdvisors().length);
		Class<?> actualClass = (targetClass != null ? targetClass : method.getDeclaringClass());
		// 查看是否包含IntroductionAdvisor
		boolean hasIntroductions = hasMatchingIntroductions(config, actualClass);
		// 这里实际上注册一系列AdvisorAdapter,用于将Advisor转化成MethodInterceptor
		AdvisorAdapterRegistry registry = GlobalAdvisorAdapterRegistry.getInstance();

		for (Advisor advisor : config.getAdvisors()) {
			if (advisor instanceof PointcutAdvisor) {
				// Add it conditionally.
				PointcutAdvisor pointcutAdvisor = (PointcutAdvisor) advisor;
				if (config.isPreFiltered() || pointcutAdvisor.getPointcut().getClassFilter().matches(actualClass)) {
					// 这个地方这两个方法的位置可以互换下
					// 将Advisor转化成Interceptor
                    // 在这里就是刚才所说的执行链,都将会是MethodInterceptor类型
					MethodInterceptor[] interceptors = registry.getInterceptors(advisor);
					//检查当前advisor的pointcut是否可以匹配当前方法
					MethodMatcher mm = pointcutAdvisor.getPointcut().getMethodMatcher();
					// 以下代码略....
	}

得到这个执行链之后呢,会去执行MthodInterceptorinvoke方法(其中一段流程略过,如知道AOP原理将很好理解为什么会执行到invoke方法,本篇文章着重讲解事务功能,对AOP方面调用不多赘述):

@Override
@Nullable
public Object invoke(final MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
    // Work out the target class: may be {@code null}.
    // The TransactionAttributeSource should be passed the target class
    // as well as the method, which may be from an interface.
    Class<?> targetClass = (invocation.getThis() != null ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(invocation.getThis()) : null);

    // Adapt to TransactionAspectSupport's invokeWithinTransaction...
    return invokeWithinTransaction(invocation.getMethod(), targetClass, invocation::proceed);
}

2.2、核心事务底层封装实现方法

重点来了,进入invokeWithinTransaction方法:

@Nullable
protected Object invokeWithinTransaction(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass,
                                         final InvocationCallback invocation) throws Throwable {

    // If the transaction attribute is null, the method is non-transactional.
    // 先去获取事务的属性
    TransactionAttributeSource tas = getTransactionAttributeSource();
    final TransactionAttribute txAttr = (tas != null ? tas.getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass) : null);
    // 从属性中获取事务管理器,这里承接上一篇文章中自定义标签那里,在配置文件中配置一个事务管理器
    // PlatformTransactionManager有很多种,这里分析常用的DataSourceTransactionManager
    final PlatformTransactionManager tm = determineTransactionManager(txAttr);
    // 给pointcut一个名称
    final String joinpointIdentification = methodIdentification(method, targetClass, txAttr);

    if (txAttr == null || !(tm instanceof CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager)) {
        // 这里执行声明式事务
        // Standard transaction demarcation with getTransaction and commit/rollback calls.
        // 创建一个带有事务信息的对象TransactionInfo
        TransactionInfo txInfo = createTransactionIfNecessary(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification);
        Object retVal = null;
        try {
            // This is an around advice: Invoke the next interceptor in the chain.
            // This will normally result in a target object being invoked.
            // 执行原方法
            retVal = invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            // target invocation exception
            // 如果有异常就走这里,对异常进行处理
            completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, ex);
            throw ex;
        }
        finally {
            // 如果Info里存在旧的Info,将旧的Info放入当前线程表示将当前Info变为上一个Info
            cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
        }
        // 如果程序没有发生异常,就会走到这里,执行提交的操作
        commitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo);
        return retVal;
    }

    else {
        // 这里执行编程式事务 本文只讨论声明式事务
        // 略....
    }
}

我们这里先不看Info是如何创建出来的,先来分析一下异常是如何处理,而提交又是怎么处理,然后再回过头去看createTransactionIfNecessary这个方法,相信会更好理解创建Info时的一些行为。

首先先声明一下一些对象,TransactionInfo是存放事务信息的对象,这个对象里面有一个属性status,这个对象描述了事务的状态,是一个新的事务还是一个旧的事务,事务是否有保存点等信息都将存放在这里。后面在将创建一个事务的过程会一一介绍,这里简单介绍一下,在接下来处理异常或是正常事务的处理都会需要用到status对象中的信息进行判断如何操作,所以这里先简单知道一下,在后面重点提到的时候会有恍然大悟的效果。

2.3、处理事务异常的情况

先看看completeTransactionAfterThrowing,当发生异常如何处理:

	/**
	 * Handle a throwable, completing the transaction.
	 * We may commit or roll back, depending on the configuration.
	 * @param txInfo information about the current transaction
	 * @param ex throwable encountered
	 */
	// 处理异常情况的事务
	protected void completeTransactionAfterThrowing(@Nullable TransactionInfo txInfo, Throwable ex) {
		if (txInfo != null && txInfo.getTransactionStatus() != null) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("Completing transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() +
						"] after exception: " + ex);
			}
            // 这里会判断该异常是否回滚,如果没设置的话将默认回滚RuntimeException
            // 如果是Exception这里不会回滚的,除非设置了rollbackFor->Exception
			if (txInfo.transactionAttribute != null && txInfo.transactionAttribute.rollbackOn(ex)) {
                // 如果该异常需要回滚,则回滚,这里会将Info中的status传入方法
                try {
				txInfo.getTransactionManager().rollback(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
				}
				catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
					// 略...
				}
			}
			else {
				// We don't roll back on this exception.
				// Will still roll back if TransactionStatus.isRollbackOnly() is true.
                // 如果进入这里,说明此异常不需要进行回滚,会照常提交!这里会将Info中status传入方法
				try {
                  txInfo.getTransactionManager().commit(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
				}
				catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
					// 略...
				}
			}
		}
	}

进入txInfo.getTransactionManager().rollback(txInfo.getTransactionStatus()); 看看:

/**
 1. This implementation of rollback handles participating in existing
 2. transactions. Delegates to {@code doRollback} and
 3. {@code doSetRollbackOnly}.
 4. @see #doRollback
 5. @see #doSetRollbackOnly
*/
@Override
public final void rollback(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
    // 如果status已经被标记完成了,这里抛异常。标记的时机在下面的小结会提到
    if (status.isCompleted()) {
    throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
        "Transaction is already completed - do not call commit or rollback more than once per transaction");
    }

    DefaultTransactionStatus defStatus = (DefaultTransactionStatus) status;
    processRollback(defStatus, false);
}
private void processRollback(DefaultTransactionStatus status, boolean unexpected) {
    try {
        boolean unexpectedRollback = unexpected;

        try {
            triggerBeforeCompletion(status);
			// 如果status有savePoint,说明此事务是NESTD,且为子事务,只回滚到savePoint
            if (status.hasSavepoint()) {
                if (status.isDebug()) {
                    logger.debug("Rolling back transaction to savepoint");
                }
                status.rollbackToHeldSavepoint();
            }
            // 如果此时的status显示是新的事务才进行回滚
            else if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
                if (status.isDebug()) {
                    logger.debug("Initiating transaction rollback");
                }
                doRollback(status);
            }
            else {
                // Participating in larger transaction
                // 如果status中有事务,进入下面
                if (status.hasTransaction()) {
                    if (status.isLocalRollbackOnly() || isGlobalRollbackOnParticipationFailure()) {
                        if (status.isDebug()) {
                            logger.debug("Participating transaction failed - marking existing transaction as rollback-only");
                        }
                        // 对status中的transaction作一个回滚了的标记
                        doSetRollbackOnly(status);
                    }
                    else {
                        if (status.isDebug()) {
                            logger.debug("Participating transaction failed - letting transaction originator decide on rollback");
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    logger.debug("Should roll back transaction but cannot - no transaction available");
                }
                // Unexpected rollback only matters here if we're asked to fail early
                if (!isFailEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
                    unexpectedRollback = false;
                }
            }
        }
        catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
            triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_UNKNOWN);
            throw ex;
        }

        triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_ROLLED_BACK);

        // Raise UnexpectedRollbackException if we had a global rollback-only marker
        if (unexpectedRollback) {
            throw new UnexpectedRollbackException(
                "Transaction rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only");
        }
    }
    finally {
        // 最后完善status
        cleanupAfterCompletion(status);
    }
}

2.3.1、回顾Status几个关键点!

  1. status.hasSavepoint() 如果status中有savePoint,只回滚到savePoint!
  2. status.isNewTransaction() 如果status是一个新事务,才会真正去回滚!
  3. status.hasTransaction() 如果status有事务,将会对staus中的事务标记!
    那么怎么标记呢?
@Override
protected void doSetRollbackOnly(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
    // 将status中的transaction取出
    DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) status.getTransaction();
    if (status.isDebug()) {
    logger.debug("Setting JDBC transaction [" + txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection() +
    "] rollback-only");
    }
    // transaction执行标记回滚
    txObject.setRollbackOnly();
}
public void setRollbackOnly() {
    // 这里将transaction里面的connHolder标记回滚
	getConnectionHolder().setRollbackOnly();
}
	/**
	 * Mark the resource transaction as rollback-only.
	 */
	public void setRollbackOnly() {
        // 将holder中的这个属性设置成true
		this.rollbackOnly = true;
	}

这里先懵逼一下,后面讲到提交的处理时就知道这个标记有什么用了。

2.3.2、总结事务异常情况

只有是新的事务才会回滚,或者是NESTED中子事务回滚到SavePoint,这里是否是新的事务将在下面创建事务说明清楚。

2.4、处理事务无异常准备提交的情况

这里回到流程中去,看看commitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo)方法做了什么:

	/**
	 * Execute after successful completion of call, but not after an exception was handled.
	 * Do nothing if we didn't create a transaction.
	 * @param txInfo information about the current transaction
	 */
	protected void commitTransactionAfterReturning(@Nullable TransactionInfo txInfo) {
		if (txInfo != null && txInfo.getTransactionStatus() != null) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("Completing transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() + "]");
			}
			txInfo.getTransactionManager().commit(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
		}
	}
/**
	 * This implementation of commit handles participating in existing
	 * transactions and programmatic rollback requests.
	 * Delegates to {@code isRollbackOnly}, {@code doCommit}
	 * and {@code rollback}.
	 * @see org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus#isRollbackOnly()
	 * @see #doCommit
	 * @see #rollback
	 */
@Override
public final void commit(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
    // 如果status已经被标记完成了,这里抛异常。标记的时机在下面的小结会提到
    if (status.isCompleted()) {
        throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
            "Transaction is already completed - do not call commit or rollback more than once per transaction");
    }
	
    DefaultTransactionStatus defStatus = (DefaultTransactionStatus) status;
    if (defStatus.isLocalRollbackOnly()) {
        if (defStatus.isDebug()) {
            logger.debug("Transactional code has requested rollback");
        }
        processRollback(defStatus, false);
        return;
    }
	// defStatus.isGlobalRollbackOnly()这个方法将判断status是否被标记回滚了
    // 主要依据是transaction中的connHolder是否被标记,也就是上面提到的标记回滚的情况
    if (!shouldCommitOnGlobalRollbackOnly() && defStatus.isGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
        if (defStatus.isDebug()) {
            logger.debug("Global transaction is marked as rollback-only but transactional code requested commit");
        }
        // 这里会进行回滚,并且抛出一个异常
        processRollback(defStatus, true);
        return;
    }
	// 如果没有被标记回滚之类的,这里才真正判断是否提交
    processCommit(defStatus);
}
/**
	 * Process an actual commit.
	 * Rollback-only flags have already been checked and applied.
	 * @param status object representing the transaction
	 * @throws TransactionException in case of commit failure
	 */
private void processCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
    try {
        boolean beforeCompletionInvoked = false;

        try {
            boolean unexpectedRollback = false;
            prepareForCommit(status);
            triggerBeforeCommit(status);
            triggerBeforeCompletion(status);
            beforeCompletionInvoked = true;
			
            // 判断是否有savePoint
            if (status.hasSavepoint()) {
                if (status.isDebug()) {
                    logger.debug("Releasing transaction savepoint");
                }
                unexpectedRollback = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly();
                // 不提交,仅仅是释放savePoint
                status.releaseHeldSavepoint();
            }
            // 判断是否是新事务
            else if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
                if (status.isDebug()) {
                    logger.debug("Initiating transaction commit");
                }
                unexpectedRollback = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly();
                // 这里才真正去提交!
                doCommit(status);
            }
            else if (isFailEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
                unexpectedRollback = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly();
            }

            // Throw UnexpectedRollbackException if we have a global rollback-only
            // marker but still didn't get a corresponding exception from commit.
            if (unexpectedRollback) {
                throw new UnexpectedRollbackException(
                    "Transaction silently rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only");
            }
        }
        catch (UnexpectedRollbackException ex) {
            // 略...
        }

        // Trigger afterCommit callbacks, with an exception thrown there
        // propagated to callers but the transaction still considered as committed.
        try {
            triggerAfterCommit(status);
        }
        finally {
            triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_COMMITTED);
        }

    }
    finally {
        // 最后完善清理status
        cleanupAfterCompletion(status);
    }
}

2.4.1、回顾Status几个关键点!

  1. status.hasSavepoint() 如果status有savePoint,说明此时的事务是嵌套事务NESTED,这个事务外面还有事务,这里不提交,只是释放保存点。这里也可以看出来NESTED的传播行为了。
  2. status.isNewTransaction() 如果是新的事务,才会提交!!

2.4.2、总结事务无异常准备提交情况

无论是异常还是无异常,都有对staus进行判断的关键点,需牢记几个status关键点,后面将会恍然大悟!

2.5、小结

这里status是新事务,才会进行提交或回滚,需要读者记好这个状态–>是否是新事务。

而无论是在异常还是没有异常的流程中,最后的finally块中都会执行一个方法cleanupAfterCompletion(status)

/**
	 * Clean up after completion, clearing synchronization if necessary,
	 * and invoking doCleanupAfterCompletion.
	 * @param status object representing the transaction
	 * @see #doCleanupAfterCompletion
	 */
private void cleanupAfterCompletion(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
    // 这里可以看到,在异常或无异常提交最后,都会设置一个完成标记
    // 在异常或无异常提交之前都会验证status是否被标记完成
    // 由此得出结论,一个status对象只能进入一次commit或者一次rollback
    status.setCompleted();
    if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.clear();
    }
    // 如果是新事务,这里又提到新事务!!
    if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
        // 对status中的transaction对象做完善工作
        doCleanupAfterCompletion(status.getTransaction());
    }
    // 如果status中有挂起的对象,进入if语句块
    if (status.getSuspendedResources() != null) {
        if (status.isDebug()) {
            logger.debug("Resuming suspended transaction after completion of inner transaction");
        }
        // 获取transaction对象
        Object transaction = (status.hasTransaction() ? status.getTransaction() : null);
        // 恢复transaction
        resume(transaction, (SuspendedResourcesHolder) status.getSuspendedResources());
    }
}

2.5.1、doCleanupAfterCompletion的完善工作做了什么?

@Override
protected void doCleanupAfterCompletion(Object transaction) {
    DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;

    // Remove the connection holder from the thread, if exposed.
    // 如果transaction中的holder是新的话,从当前线程中解绑holder
    if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
    	TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(obtainDataSource());
    }

    // Reset connection.
    // 从transaction中获取holder中的connection
    Connection con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
    // 将连接重置
    try {
    if (txObject.isMustRestoreAutoCommit()) {
   		 con.setAutoCommit(true);
    }
    DataSourceUtils.resetConnectionAfterTransaction(con, txObject.getPreviousIsolationLevel());
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
    	logger.debug("Could not reset JDBC Connection after transaction", ex);
    }

    if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        	logger.debug("Releasing JDBC Connection [" + con + "] after transaction");
        }
        	DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, this.dataSource);
        }
	// 将holder里的属性重置
    txObject.getConnectionHolder().clear();
}

2.5.2、回顾transaction几个关键点!

txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()如果transaction是一个新的holder,将此holder从当前线程解绑!

这里需要了解一个关键线程类,专门存放线程级别的变量TransactionSynchronizationManager

2.6、如果有挂起的事务,恢复它!

如果有挂起的事务的话,status.getSuspendedResources() != null,也就是说status中会有suspendedResources这个属性,取得status中的transaction后进入resume方法:

protected final void resume(@Nullable Object transaction, @Nullable SuspendedResourcesHolder resourcesHolder)
throws TransactionException {
	
    if (resourcesHolder != null) {
        Object suspendedResources = resourcesHolder.suspendedResources;
        // 如果有被挂起的事务才进入
        if (suspendedResources != null) {
            // 真正去resume恢复的地方
        	doResume(transaction, suspendedResources);
        }
        List<TransactionSynchronization> suspendedSynchronizations = resourcesHolder.suspendedSynchronizations;
        if (suspendedSynchronizations != null) {
            // 将上面提到的TransactionSynchronizationManager专门存放线程变量的类中
            // 的属性设置成被挂起事务的属性
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(resourcesHolder.wasActive);
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(resourcesHolder.isolationLevel);
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(resourcesHolder.readOnly);
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(resourcesHolder.name);
        doResumeSynchronization(suspendedSynchronizations);
        }
    }
}
@Override
protected void doResume(@Nullable Object transaction, Object suspendedResources) {
	TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(obtainDataSource(), suspendedResources);
}

这里恢复只是把suspendedResources重新绑定到线程中。

2.7、线程变量的绑定与解绑

上面已经提到有两个地方用到关于线程变量TransactionSynchronizationManager的绑定与解绑了,在这里详细介绍一下绑定解绑到底是干嘛的,为什么要这么做。

绑定与解绑围绕一个线程变量,此变量在TransactionSynchronizationManager类中:

private static final ThreadLocal<Map<Object, Object>> resources = 
    new NamedThreadLocal<>("Transactional resources");

2.7.1、绑定

	public static void bindResource(Object key, Object value) throws IllegalStateException {
        // 从上面可知,线程变量是一个Map,而这个Key就是dataSource
        // 这个value这里剧透一下就是holder,在创建事务时会再次提到
		Object actualKey = TransactionSynchronizationUtils.unwrapResourceIfNecessary(key);
		Assert.notNull(value, "Value must not be null");
        // 获取这个线程变量Map
		Map<Object, Object> map = resources.get();
		// set ThreadLocal Map if none found
		if (map == null) {
			map = new HashMap<>();
			resources.set(map);
		}
        // 将新的holder作为value,dataSource作为key放入当前线程Map中
		Object oldValue = map.put(actualKey, value);
		// Transparently suppress a ResourceHolder that was marked as void...
		if (oldValue instanceof ResourceHolder && ((ResourceHolder) oldValue).isVoid()) {
			oldValue = null;
		}
		if (oldValue != null) {
			throw new IllegalStateException("Already value [" + oldValue + "] for key [" +
					actualKey + "] bound to thread [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]");
		}	Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]");
		}
		// 略...
	}

2.7.2、解绑

/**
	 * Actually remove the value of the resource that is bound for the given key.
	 */
@Nullable
private static Object doUnbindResource(Object actualKey) {
    // 取得当前线程的线程变量Map
    Map<Object, Object> map = resources.get();
    if (map == null) {
        return null;
    }
    // 将key为dataSourece的value移除出Map,然后将旧的Holder返回
    Object value = map.remove(actualKey);
    // Remove entire ThreadLocal if empty...
    // 如果此时map为空,直接清除线程变量
    if (map.isEmpty()) {
        resources.remove();
    }
    // Transparently suppress a ResourceHolder that was marked as void...
    if (value instanceof ResourceHolder && ((ResourceHolder) value).isVoid()) {
        value = null;
    }
    if (value != null && logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
        logger.trace("Removed value [" + value + "] for key [" + actualKey + "] from thread [" +
                     Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]");
    }
    // 将旧Holder返回
    return value;
}

这里绑定与解绑只需要知道,只是在TransactionSynchronizationManager类中线程变量Map中进行添加与移除的操作而已,具体在哪里需要用到在介绍创建事务会提到。

2.8、神秘又关键的status对象

这里简要说明一下status对象的结构,下面会有很多分支会频繁封装一些信息成status对象

// 这里是构造一个status对象的方法
protected DefaultTransactionStatus newTransactionStatus(
    TransactionDefinition definition, @Nullable Object transaction, boolean newTransaction,
    boolean newSynchronization, boolean debug, @Nullable Object suspendedResources) {

    boolean actualNewSynchronization = newSynchronization &&
        !TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive();
    return new DefaultTransactionStatus(
        transaction, newTransaction, actualNewSynchronization,
        definition.isReadOnly(), debug, suspendedResources);
}

简单了解一下关键参数即可:

  1. 第二个参数transaction:事务对象,在一开头就有创建,其就是事务管理器的一个内部类。
  2. 第三个参数newTransaction:布尔值,一个标识,用于判断是否是新的事务,用于提交或者回滚方法中,是新的才会提交或者回滚。
  3. 最后一个参数suspendedResources:被挂起的对象资源,在前面挂起的介绍中也有说到,挂起操作会返回旧的holder,将其与一些事务属性一起封装成一个对象,就是这个suspendedResources这个对象了,它会放在status中,在开头的清理工作方法中判断status中是否有这个挂起对象,如果有会恢复它。

2.9、创建事务Info对象

至此已经介绍完事务的大致流程了,主要主干如下

  1. 创建事务Info对象,下面几个步骤都要围绕事务Info对象展开
  2. 如有异常,根据Info中status状态判断回滚或提交或其他操作
  3. 如无异常,准备提交也要根据Info中status进行判断正常提交还是会回滚
  4. 流程结束,可知无论是有异常还是无异常都会进入完善收尾工作,在收尾过程如果是新的Holder将会进行解绑。如果status中存在被挂起的事务,会恢复它,具体恢复其实就是解绑操作。

从以上流程可以看出,事务Info占据了主要地位,它决定了所有步骤的走向,那么是如何创建一个事务Info的呢?

protected TransactionInfo createTransactionIfNecessary(@Nullable PlatformTransactionManager tm,@Nullable TransactionAttribute txAttr, final String joinpointIdentification) {

    // If no name specified, apply method identification as transaction name.
    if (txAttr != null && txAttr.getName() == null) {
        txAttr = new DelegatingTransactionAttribute(txAttr) {
            @Override
            public String getName() {
                return joinpointIdentification;
            }
        };
    }

    TransactionStatus status = null;
    if (txAttr != null) {
        if (tm != null) {
            // 这里取得事务的status
            status = tm.getTransaction(txAttr);
        }
        else {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Skipping transactional joinpoint [" + joinpointIdentification +
                             "] because no transaction manager has been configured");
            }
        }
    }
    // 将得到的status与事务管理器,事务属性,事务名称一起封装成一个事务Info
    return prepareTransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification, status);
}

其中核心是在getTransaction方法中:

	@Override
	public final TransactionStatus getTransaction(@Nullable TransactionDefinition definition) throws TransactionException {
        // 获取一个transaction
		Object transaction = doGetTransaction();

		// Cache debug flag to avoid repeated checks.
		boolean debugEnabled = logger.isDebugEnabled();

		if (definition == null) {
			// Use defaults if no transaction definition given.
			definition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
		}
		// 如果在这之前已经存在事务了,就进入存在事务的方法中
		if (isExistingTransaction(transaction)) {
			// Existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to behave.
			return handleExistingTransaction(definition, transaction, debugEnabled);
		}

		// Check definition settings for new transaction.
		if (definition.getTimeout() < TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
			throw new InvalidTimeoutException("Invalid transaction timeout", definition.getTimeout());
		}

		// No existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to proceed.
        // 走到这里说明此时没有存在事务,如果传播特性是MANDATORY时抛出异常
		if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_MANDATORY) {
			throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
					"No existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'mandatory'");
		}
        // 如果此时不存在事务,当传播特性是REQUIRED或NEW或NESTED都会进入if语句块
		else if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED ||
				definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW ||
				definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
            // 因为此时不存在事务,将null挂起
			SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(null);
			if (debugEnabled) {
				logger.debug("Creating new transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]: " + definition);
			}
			try {
				boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
                // new一个status,存放刚刚创建的transaction,然后将其标记为新事务!
                // 这里transaction后面一个参数决定是否是新事务!
				DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
						definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
                // 新开一个连接的地方
				doBegin(transaction, definition);
				prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
				return status;
			}
			catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
				resume(null, suspendedResources);
				throw ex;
			}
		}
		else {
			// Create "empty" transaction: no actual transaction, but potentially synchronization.
			if (definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT && logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
				logger.warn("Custom isolation level specified but no actual transaction initiated; " +
						"isolation level will effectively be ignored: " + definition);
			}
            // 其他的传播特性一律返回一个空事务,transaction = null
			boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
			return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, null, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
		}
	}

先来看看transaction是如何被创建出来的:

@Override
protected Object doGetTransaction() {
    // 这里DataSourceTransactionObject是事务管理器的一个内部类
    // DataSourceTransactionObject就是一个transaction,这里new了一个出来
    DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = new DataSourceTransactionObject();
    txObject.setSavepointAllowed(isNestedTransactionAllowed());
    // 解绑与绑定的作用在此时体现,如果当前线程有绑定的话,将会取出holder
    ConnectionHolder conHolder =
    (ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(obtainDataSource());
    // 此时的holder被标记成一个旧holder
    txObject.setConnectionHolder(conHolder, false);
    return txObject;
}

创建transaction过程很简单,接着就会判断当前是否存在事务:

@Override
protected boolean isExistingTransaction(Object transaction) {
    DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;
    return (txObject.hasConnectionHolder() && txObject.getConnectionHolder().isTransactionActive());
}

这里判断是否存在事务的依据主要是获取holder中的transactionActive变量是否为true,如果是第一次进入事务,holder直接为null判断不存在了,如果是第二次进入事务transactionActive变量是为true的(后面会提到是在哪里把它变成true的),由此来判断当前是否已经存在事务了。

2.9.1、什么是挂起事务的操作?

上面已经有提到挂起了,当传播特性是REQUIREDNEWNESTED时将会挂起,那么挂起做了什么呢?

@Nullable
protected final SuspendedResourcesHolder suspend(@Nullable Object transaction) throws TransactionException {
    if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive()) {
        List<TransactionSynchronization> suspendedSynchronizations = doSuspendSynchronization();
        try {
            Object suspendedResources = null;
            if (transaction != null) {
                // 这里是真正做挂起的方法,这里返回的是一个holder
                suspendedResources = doSuspend(transaction);
            }
            // 这里将名称、隔离级别等信息从线程变量中取出并设置对应属性为null到线程变量
            String name = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionName();
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(null);
            boolean readOnly = TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly();
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(false);
            Integer isolationLevel = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel();
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(null);
            boolean wasActive = TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive();
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(false);
            // 将事务各个属性与挂起的holder一并封装进SuspendedResourcesHolder对象中
            return new SuspendedResourcesHolder(
                suspendedResources, suspendedSynchronizations, name, readOnly, isolationLevel, wasActive);
        }
        catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
            // doSuspend failed - original transaction is still active...
            doResumeSynchronization(suspendedSynchronizations);
            throw ex;
        }
    }
    else if (transaction != null) {
        // Transaction active but no synchronization active.
        Object suspendedResources = doSuspend(transaction);
        return new SuspendedResourcesHolder(suspendedResources);
    }
    else {
        // Neither transaction nor synchronization active.
        return null;
    }
}
@Override
protected Object doSuspend(Object transaction) {
    DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;
    // 将transaction中的holder属性设置为空
    txObject.setConnectionHolder(null);
    // 解绑!
    return TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(obtainDataSource());
}	

如果忘记解绑是干什么的,可以回头看一下解绑操作的介绍。这里挂起主要干了三件事:

  1. transaction中的holder属性设置为空
  2. 解绑(会返回线程中的那个旧的holder出来,从而封装到SuspendedResourcesHolder对象中)
  3. SuspendedResourcesHolder放入status中

2.9.2、当前不存在事务的情况

从上面的注解也可以很清楚知道,如果不存在事务,传播特性又是REQUIREDNEWNESTED,将会先挂起,然后执行一个方法,doBegin(transaction, definition); 这个方法也是一个关键方法:

@Override
protected void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition) {
    DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;
    Connection con = null;

    try {
        // 判断如果transaction没有holder的话,才去从dataSource中获取一个新连接
        if (!txObject.hasConnectionHolder() ||
            txObject.getConnectionHolder().isSynchronizedWithTransaction()) {
            Connection newCon = obtainDataSource().getConnection();
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Acquired Connection [" + newCon + "] for JDBC transaction");
            }
            // 所以,只有transaction中的holder为空时,才会设置为新holder
            txObject.setConnectionHolder(new ConnectionHolder(newCon), true);
        }

        txObject.getConnectionHolder().setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true);
        con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();

        Integer previousIsolationLevel = DataSourceUtils.prepareConnectionForTransaction(con, definition);
        txObject.setPreviousIsolationLevel(previousIsolationLevel);

        // Switch to manual commit if necessary. This is very expensive in some JDBC drivers,
        // so we don't want to do it unnecessarily (for example if we've explicitly
        // configured the connection pool to set it already).
        if (con.getAutoCommit()) {
            txObject.setMustRestoreAutoCommit(true);
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Switching JDBC Connection [" + con + "] to manual commit");
            }
            // 将此新连接取消自动提交,改由Spring控制事务的提交
            con.setAutoCommit(false);
        }

        prepareTransactionalConnection(con, definition);
        // 在这里就是之前说的判断当时是否有事务的依据,新创建的holder将会设置active属性为true
        txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTransactionActive(true);

        int timeout = determineTimeout(definition);
        if (timeout != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
            txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTimeoutInSeconds(timeout);
        }

        // Bind the connection holder to the thread.
        // 开头有提到,如果transaction中holder=null的话就是新的holder了
        // 如果此时是新创建出来的holder的话,绑定!
        if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(obtainDataSource(), txObject.getConnectionHolder());
        }
    }
	// 略...
}

在这个方法中,几乎呼应了很多很多上文存在的疑惑。

  1. 何时active=true?:执行doBegin方法时,都会将transaction中的holder设置active=true
  2. 何时holder是新的?:当transaction中的holder=null时,才会新创一个connection然后去new一个holder,然后将新connection放入holder,再将holder放入transaction并设置其为新的holder
  3. txObject.isNewConnectionHolder():如果是新的holder,将会把holder绑定到当前线程,这里可以知道,绑定操作其实绑定的类是一个holder

2.9.3、小结

  1. REQUIREDNEWNESTED :挂起一个null(挂起null时将不会解绑,其实也不用解绑,此时线程变量也根本不存在holder,transaction中的holder也是null,这里非要挂起一个null是为了提取出其他事务的信息封装进SuspendedResourcesHolder对象中),执行doBegin方法,标记为新事务,封装status对象:
DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);

当不存在事务时,传播特性又是REQUIRED或NEW或NESTED时,注意此时线程并没有任何绑定操作,所以线程变量Map里的value其实是空的,此时new出来的transaction中的holder其实是null,当执行doBegin方法时,会创建一个新的holder与新的connection,然后做绑定操作,此时线程变量Map就会有了这个holder了!同时设置此时的transaction的holder为新的,hoder的active将为true。
doBegin方法其实就是在设置transaction中的holder,然后返回一个处理好的transaction封装给status,给一开始的地方使用。

2.9.4、当前存在事务的情况

前面已经提到,第一次事务开始时必会新创一个holder然后做绑定操作,此时线程变量是有holder的且avtive为true,如果第二个事务进来,去new一个transaction之后去线程变量中取holder,holder是不为空的且active是为true的,所以会进入handleExistingTransaction方法:

/**
	 * Create a TransactionStatus for an existing transaction.
	 */
private TransactionStatus handleExistingTransaction(
    TransactionDefinition definition, Object transaction, boolean debugEnabled)
    throws TransactionException {
	// 如果传播特性是NEVER,当前又存在了事务了,抛出异常
    if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NEVER) {
        throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
            "Existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'never'");
    }
	// 如果传播特性是NOT_SUPPORTED,仅仅是不给他支持,就返回一个空事务
    if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
        if (debugEnabled) {
            logger.debug("Suspending current transaction");
        }
        // 这里会将原来的事务挂起
        Object suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
        boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
        // 这里可以看到,第二个参数transaction传了一个空事务,第三个参数false为旧标记
        // 最后一个参数就是前面挂起提到的最终封装后的对象一起封装成status返回给前面
        return prepareTransactionStatus(
            definition, null, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
    }
	// 如果此时传播特性是REQUIRES_NEW,此时会新建一个事务
    if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW) {
        if (debugEnabled) {
            logger.debug("Suspending current transaction, creating new transaction with name [" +
                         definition.getName() + "]");
        }
        // 将原事务挂起,此时新建事务,不与原事务有关系
        // 会将transaction中的holder设置为null,然后解绑!(建议回顾一下挂起做了什么事)
        SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
        try {
            boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
            // new一个status出来,传入transaction,并且为新事务标记,然后传入挂起事务
            DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
                definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
            // 这里也做了一次doBegin,此时的transaction中holer是为空的,因为之前被挂起了
            // 所以这里会取一次新的连接,并且绑定!
            doBegin(transaction, definition);
            prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
            return status;
        }
        catch (RuntimeException | Error beginEx) {
            resumeAfterBeginException(transaction, suspendedResources, beginEx);
            throw beginEx;
        }
    }
	// 如果此时的传播特性是NESTED,不会挂起事务
    if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
        if (!isNestedTransactionAllowed()) {
            throw new NestedTransactionNotSupportedException(
                "Transaction manager does not allow nested transactions by default - " +
                "specify 'nestedTransactionAllowed' property with value 'true'");
        }
        if (debugEnabled) {
            logger.debug("Creating nested transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]");
        }
        // 这里如果是JTA事务管理器,就不可以用savePoint了,将不会进入此方法
        if (useSavepointForNestedTransaction()) {
            // Create savepoint within existing Spring-managed transaction,
            // through the SavepointManager API implemented by TransactionStatus.
            // Usually uses JDBC 3.0 savepoints. Never activates Spring synchronization.
            // 这里不会挂起事务,说明NESTED的特性是原事务的子事务而已
            // new一个status,传入transaction,传入旧事务标记,传入挂起对象=null
            DefaultTransactionStatus status =
                prepareTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, false, debugEnabled, null);
            // 这里是NESTED特性特殊的地方,在先前存在事务的情况下会建立一个savePoint
            status.createAndHoldSavepoint();
            return status;
        }
        else {
            // 这里是JTA事务管理器会进入的方法
            // Nested transaction through nested begin and commit/rollback calls.
            // Usually only for JTA: Spring synchronization might get activated here
            // in case of a pre-existing JTA transaction.
            boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
            DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
                definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
            doBegin(transaction, definition);
            prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
            return status;
        }
    }
	
    // 中间一大段代码略....

    boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
    // 这里如果是其他的传播特性的话,例如REQUIRED,直接运行在当前事务中了
    // new一个status,设置transaction,标记为旧事务,空挂起
    return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
}

2.9.5、小结

到这里我们可以知道,在当前存在事务的情况下,根据传播特性去决定是否为新事务,是否挂起当前事务。

  1. NOT_SUPPORTED :会挂起事务,不运行doBegin方法传空transaction,标记为旧事务。封装status对象:
return prepareTransactionStatus(
    definition, null, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources)
  1. REQUIRES_NEW :将会挂起事务且运行doBegin方法,标记为新事务。封装status对象:
DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
                definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
  1. NESTED不会挂起事务不会运行doBegin方法,标记为旧事务,但会创建savePoint。封装status对象:
DefaultTransactionStatus status =
    prepareTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, false, debugEnabled, null);
  1. 其他事务例如REQUIRED不会挂起事务,不会运行doBegin方法,标记旧事务,封装status对象:
return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);

3、总结

这篇文章主要讲解了事务增强器大致的脉络,增强器是实现事务功能的核心类,理解了TransactionInterceptor的invoke方法干了什么,就大概可以知道Spring事务的原理了。其中讲解了几个小模块:

  1. status对象的封装,何时会封装成新事务
  2. 挂起到底做了什么,何时会挂起,何时会恢复
  3. 绑定与解绑又是做了什么
  4. 各种传播特性在各种场景下的表现,例如是否会doBegin、是否新事务标记、是否挂起
    文章到了这里,也基本介绍完事务增强器的作用了,本文花了这么大篇幅才把这一个增强器讲完。。。本来还计划讲完增强器之后结合传播特性分析传播特性的实现原理,但没想到事务增强器原来可以写这么多东西,由于篇幅问题,其他内容将在下一篇文章中会提到。

在下一篇文章中会用实验流程去解释以上包括挂起、恢复、绑定、解绑、doBegin等的具体作用,以及用实例去告诉读者,各类传播特性到底是怎么回事,以及如何在同类中事务方法调用同类事务方法。

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