简易的C语言图书管理系统

本系统实现了对图书信息的增删改查等功能。使用到了链表以及C语言的文件读写。

增:增加新的书籍数据

删:删除指定书名的整条书籍数据

改:修改指定书名的书籍数目(借/还书)

查:查找指定书名的书籍信息

1、主函数

输入相应序号实现对图书信息的特定操作

int main()
{
	int action;
	struct LIB *const head =fileBuild(); 	
	bookMenu();
	while(1)
	{
		printf("请输入要进行的操作序号:");
		scanf("%d",&action);
		switch(action)
		{
			case 1:system("CLS");bookMenu();addBookInfo(head);break;
			case 2:system("CLS");bookMenu();delBookInfo(head);break;
			case 3:system("CLS");bookMenu();changeBookInfo(head);break;
			case 4:system("CLS");bookMenu();findBookInfo(head);break;
			case 5:system("CLS");bookMenu();showBooks(head);break;
			case 6:writeInFile(head);printf("已退出...\n");exit(0);break;
			default:printf("没有这个序号!");break;
		}
	}	
	return 0;
}

2、结构体定义

定义图书信息结构体

struct LIB{
	char bId[10];//书号 
	char bName[20];//书名 
	char aName[20];//作者 
	char pName[20];//出版社 
	char sort[20];//分类 
	float bPrice;//价格
	int bNum;//书籍数量
	struct LIB *next;
};

3、创建文件

文件不存在就创建。为什么要创建这两个函数?文件1用来存图书信息,文件2用来存图书信息条数。如果图书信息进行了增加或删除操作,那么文件2的内容会更改。

存在则进行读取。将信息读取到链表中。

struct LIB * fileBuild(void)
{
	FILE *file,*f2;	
	int i;
	struct LIB * const head = (struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB));
	struct LIB *pb,*pa;
	pa = pb = head;
	pb->next = NULL;
	if(!(fopen("LibBook.txt","r")))
	{
		printf("文件创建中...");
		file = fopen("LibBook.txt","w");
		f2 = fopen("Numcount.txt","w");
		fprintf(f2,"%d\n",count);
		fclose(f2);
		fclose(file);
	}
	else
	{ 
		file = fopen("LibBook.txt","r");
		f2 = fopen("Numcount.txt","r");
		fscanf(f2,"%d",&count);
		for(i=0;i<count;i++)
		{
			pa = (struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB));
			fscanf(file,"%s%s%s%s%s%f%d",pa->bId,pa->bName,pa->aName,pa->pName,
											pa->sort,&pa->bPrice,&pa->bNum);
			pb->next = pa;
			pb = pa;
			pb->next = NULL;
		}
		fclose(f2);
		fclose(file);	
	}
	return head;
}

4、向文件写入链表数据

每次改动之后就重新向文件写入数据

void writeInFile(struct LIB *head)
{
	struct LIB *pa = head;	
	FILE *file,*f2;
	file = fopen("LibBook.txt","w");
	f2 = fopen("Numcount.txt","w");
	fscanf(file,"%d",&count);
	count = 0;	
	while(pa->next!=NULL)
	{
		count++;
		pa=pa->next; 
		fprintf(file,"%s %s %s %s %s %0.2f %d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,pa->aName,
									pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
	}
	fprintf(f2,"%d\n",count);
	fclose(f2);
	fclose(file);
	printf("写入成功!"); 
}

 5、查找信息

查询操作,通过书名查询对应的书籍信息

void findBookInfo(struct LIB *head)
{
	struct LIB *pa = head;
	char name[20];
	printf("请输入要查询的书名:");
	scanf("%s",name);
	while(pa->next!=NULL)
	{
		pa = pa->next; 
		if(strcmp(pa->bName,name)==0)
		{
			printf("找到书籍:%s %s %s %s %s %0.2f %d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,
                            pa->aName,pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
			return;
		}
	}	
	if(pa->next==NULL)
	{
		printf("未找到!\n");
	}
}

6、修改信息

修改操作,通过书名修改图书数目信息

void changeBookInfo(struct LIB *head)
{
	struct LIB *pa = head,*pb;
	pb = (struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB)); 
	char name[10],action[10];
	int c,borrow,addnum;
	printf("请输入要修改信息的书名:");
	scanf("%s",name);
	while(pa->next!=NULL)
	{
		pa = pa->next; 
		if(strcmp(pa->bName,name)==0)
		{
			printf("找到书籍:%s %s %s %s %s %0.2f %d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,
						pa->aName,pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
			printf("请问想要借书还是还书?");
			scanf("%s",action);
			if(strcmp(action,"借书")==0)
			{
				printf("请输入借书的数量:");
				scanf("%d",&borrow) ;
				pa->bNum = pa->bNum-borrow;
				printf("借书成功!\n");
			} 
			else if(strcmp(action,"还书")==0)
			{
				printf("请输入还书的数量:");
				scanf("%d",&addnum) ;
				pa->bNum = pa->bNum+addnum;
				printf("还书成功!\n");
			}
			else
			{
				printf("没有这个选项!\n");
			}						
			return;
		}	
	} 
}

7、增加信息

增加书籍信息操作 (按书号插入)

void addBookInfo(struct LIB *head)
{	
	struct LIB *pa,*pb,*pc;	
	pa = pb =head;
	pc=(struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB)); 
	printf("请输入要增加的信息(书号、书名、作者、出版社、分类、价格、数量):");
	scanf("%s%s%s%s%s%f%d",pc->bId,pc->bName,pc->aName,pc->pName,pc->sort,
													&pc->bPrice,&pc->bNum);
	while(pa->next!=NULL)
	{
		pa = pa->next;
		if(atoi(pa->bId)>atoi(pc->bId))
		{
			pc->next = pa;
			pb->next = pc;
			printf("添加成功!\n");			
			return;
		} 
		pb = pa;	
	} 
	if(pa->next==NULL)
	{
		pa->next = pc;
		pc->next = NULL;
	}
}

8、删除信息

删除指定书名的信息。

void delBookInfo(struct LIB *head)
{
	struct LIB *pa,*pb;
	pa = pb =head;
	char name[10];
	printf("请输入要删除信息的书名:");
	scanf("%s",name);
	while(pa->next!=NULL)
	{
		pa = pa->next; 
		if(strcmp(pa->bName,name)==0)
		{
			pb->next = pa->next;
			free(pa);	
			printf("删除成功!");
			break;
		}
		pb = pa;	
	} 	
} 

9、菜单

菜单显示可以使用哪些功能

void bookMenu(void)
{
	printf(" =========图书管理系统==========\n");	
	printf("|	 1、添加书籍数据	|\n");	
	printf("|	 2、删除书籍数据	|\n");	
	printf("|	 3、借书以及进货	|\n");
	printf("|	 4、查找指定书籍	|\n");
	printf("|	 5、显示全部书籍	|\n");
	printf("|	 6、退出管理系统	|\n");
	printf(" ===============================\n");	
}

10、显示所有图书信息

遍历链表,显示所有的图书信息

void showBooks(struct LIB *head)
{
	struct LIB *pa = head;
	printf("书号\t\t书名\t\t作者\t\t出版社\t\t分类\t\t价格\t\t数量\t\t\n");
	while(pa->next!=NULL)
	{
		pa = pa->next;
		printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%-16s%-16s%-17.2f%-18d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,
                                 pa->aName,pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
	}
} 

完整代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
struct LIB{
	char bId[10];//书号 
	char bName[20];//书名 
	char aName[20];//作者 
	char pName[20];//出版社 
	char sort[20];//分类 
	float bPrice;//价格
	int bNum;//书籍数量
	struct LIB *next;
};

struct LIB * fileBuild(void);//文件创建
void writeInFile(struct LIB *head);//文件写入
void addBookInfo(struct LIB *head);//增
void delBookInfo(struct LIB *head);//删
void changeBookInfo(struct LIB *head);//改
void findBookInfo(struct LIB *head);//查 
void showBooks(struct LIB *head);//显示所有书籍 
void bookMenu(void);//显示菜单 

int count;
int main()
{
	int action;
	struct LIB *const head =fileBuild(); 	
	bookMenu();
	while(1)
	{
		printf("请输入要进行的操作序号:");
		scanf("%d",&action);
		switch(action)
		{
			case 1:system("CLS");bookMenu();addBookInfo(head);break;
			case 2:system("CLS");bookMenu();delBookInfo(head);break;
			case 3:system("CLS");bookMenu();changeBookInfo(head);break;
			case 4:system("CLS");bookMenu();findBookInfo(head);break;
			case 5:system("CLS");bookMenu();showBooks(head);break;
			case 6:writeInFile(head);printf("已退出...\n");exit(0);break;
			default:printf("没有这个序号!");break;
		}
	}	
	return 0;
}

struct LIB * fileBuild(void)
{
	FILE *file,*f2;	
	int i;
	struct LIB * const head = (struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB));
	struct LIB *pb,*pa;
	pa = pb = head;
	pb->next = NULL;
	if(!(fopen("LibBook.txt","r")))
	{
		printf("文件创建中...");
		file = fopen("LibBook.txt","w");
		f2 = fopen("Numcount.txt","w");
		fprintf(f2,"%d\n",count);
		fclose(f2);
		fclose(file);
	}
	else
	{ 
		file = fopen("LibBook.txt","r");
		f2 = fopen("Numcount.txt","r");
		fscanf(f2,"%d",&count);
		for(i=0;i<count;i++)
		{
			pa = (struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB));
			fscanf(file,"%s%s%s%s%s%f%d",pa->bId,pa->bName,pa->aName,
                            pa->pName,pa->sort,&pa->bPrice,&pa->bNum);
			pb->next = pa;
			pb = pa;
			pb->next = NULL;
		}
		fclose(f2);
		fclose(file);	
	}
	return head;
}

void writeInFile(struct LIB *head) 
{
	struct LIB *pa = head;	
	FILE *file,*f2;
	file = fopen("LibBook.txt","w");
	f2 = fopen("Numcount.txt","w");
	fscanf(file,"%d",&count);
	count = 0;	
	while(pa->next!=NULL)
	{
		count++;
		pa=pa->next; 
		fprintf(file,"%s %s %s %s %s %0.2f %d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,pa->aName,
									pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
	}
	fprintf(f2,"%d\n",count);
	fclose(f2);
	fclose(file);
	printf("写入成功!"); 
}

void addBookInfo(struct LIB *head) 
{	
	struct LIB *pa,*pb,*pc;	
	pa = pb =head;
	pc=(struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB)); 
	printf("请输入要增加的信息(书号、书名、作者、出版社、分类、价格、数量):");
	scanf("%s%s%s%s%s%f%d",pc->bId,pc->bName,pc->aName,pc->pName,pc->sort,
													&pc->bPrice,&pc->bNum);
	while(pa->next!=NULL) 
	{
		pa = pa->next;
		if(atoi(pa->bId)>atoi(pc->bId))
		{
			pc->next = pa;
			pb->next = pc;
			printf("添加成功!\n");			
			return;
		} 
		pb = pa;	
	} 
	if(pa->next==NULL)
	{
		pa->next = pc;
		pc->next = NULL;
	}
}

void delBookInfo(struct LIB *head)
{
	struct LIB *pa,*pb;
	pa = pb =head;
	char name[10];
	printf("请输入要删除信息的书名:");
	scanf("%s",name);
	while(pa->next!=NULL)
	{
		pa = pa->next; 
		if(strcmp(pa->bName,name)==0)
		{
			pb->next = pa->next;
			free(pa);	
			printf("删除成功!");
			break;
		}
		pb = pa;	
	} 	
} 

void changeBookInfo(struct LIB *head)
{
	struct LIB *pa = head,*pb;
	pb = (struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB)); 
	char name[10],action[10];
	int c,borrow,addnum;
	printf("请输入要修改信息的书名:");
	scanf("%s",name);
	while(pa->next!=NULL)
	{
		pa = pa->next; 
		if(strcmp(pa->bName,name)==0)
		{
			printf("找到书籍:%s %s %s %s %s %0.2f %d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,
						pa->aName,pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
			printf("请问想要借书还是还书?");
			scanf("%s",action);
			if(strcmp(action,"借书")==0)
			{
				printf("请输入借书的数量:");
				scanf("%d",&borrow) ;
				pa->bNum = pa->bNum-borrow;
				printf("借书成功!\n");
			} 
			else if(strcmp(action,"还书")==0)
			{
				printf("请输入还书的数量:");
				scanf("%d",&addnum) ;
				pa->bNum = pa->bNum+addnum;
				printf("还书成功!\n");
			}
			else
			{
				printf("没有这个选项!\n");
			}						
			return;
		}	
	} 
}

void findBookInfo(struct LIB *head)
{
	struct LIB *pa = head;
	char name[20];
	printf("请输入要查询的书名:");
	scanf("%s",name);
	while(pa->next!=NULL)
	{
		pa = pa->next; 
		if(strcmp(pa->bName,name)==0)
		{
			printf("找到书籍:%s %s %s %s %s %0.2f %d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,
                            pa->aName,pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
			return;
		}
	}	
	if(pa->next==NULL)
	{
		printf("未找到!\n");
	}
}

void bookMenu(void)
{
	printf(" =========图书管理系统==========\n");	
	printf("|	 1、添加书籍数据	|\n");	
	printf("|	 2、删除书籍数据	|\n");	
	printf("|	 3、借书以及还书	|\n");
	printf("|	 4、查找指定书籍	|\n");
	printf("|	 5、显示全部书籍	|\n");
	printf("|	 6、退出管理系统	|\n");
	printf(" ===============================\n");	
}

void showBooks(struct LIB *head)
{
	struct LIB *pa = head;
	printf("书号\t\t书名\t\t作者\t\t出版社\t\t分类\t\t价格\t\t数量\t\t\n");
	while(pa->next!=NULL)
	{
		pa = pa->next;
		printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%-16s%-16s%-17.2f%-18d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,
                            pa->aName,pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
	}
} 

缺点

虽然基本实现了增删改查的功能,但是还有不足:

1.查找书籍只能找书名全部匹配的。
2.添加书籍数据时,只能创建一条新的数据,若数据已存在不能选择修改部分信息。
3.不能连续操作,只能每输入一次操作号进行一次操作。

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