设计模式之职责链模式

职责链模式：多个接受者都有机会处理请求，这就避免了请求的发送者和接受者之间的耦合关系，将这个对象连接成一条链，并沿着这条链处理请求，只有有一个对象处理了该请求。（请求发送者提供请求，管理抽象类提供一个可以设置传递方向的方法，各个接收者继承管理抽象类并重写各自对请求的处理方法）

#region 职责链模式 //请求类 class Request { public string requestType; public string requestContent; public int number; public Request(string type, string content,int days) { this.requestType = type; this.requestContent = content; this.number = days; } } //管理者抽象类 abstract class Manager { protected string name; protected Manager superior; public Manager(string name) { this.name = name; } public void SetSuperior(Manager superior) { this.superior = superior; } public abstract void HandleRequest(Request request); } //部门经理 class DepartmentManager : Manager { public DepartmentManager(string name) : base(name) { } public override void HandleRequest(Request request) { if (request.requestType == "请假" && request.number < 3) { Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}{2}天,被批准", name, request.requestContent, request.number); } else { if (superior != null) { superior.HandleRequest(request); } else { Console.WriteLine("{0}的上级不存在，请求将被中断",name); } } } } //总监 class MajorDomo : Manager { public MajorDomo(string name) : base(name) { } public override void HandleRequest(Request request) { if (request.requestType == "请假" && request.number < 6) { Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}{2}天,被批准", name, request.requestContent, request.number); } else { if (superior != null) { superior.HandleRequest(request); } else { Console.WriteLine("{0}的上级不存在，请求将被中断",name ); } } } } //总裁 class CEO : Manager { public CEO(string name) : base(name) { } /// <summary> /// 由于总裁处理请求的分支较多，当需求变更的时候很可以会因为违背了开放封闭原则，而导致难以维护，所以可以采用状态模式来处理总裁分支较多导致的高耦合，将判断的状态分别用类来定义，这样各个判断将能独立变化 /// </summary> /// <param name="request"></param> public override void HandleRequest(Request request) { #region 状态模式使用之前的代码 //if (request.requestType == "请假") //{ // Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}{2}天,被批准", name, request.requestContent, request.number); //} //else if (request.requestType == "加薪" && request.number <= 500) //{ // Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}{2}元,被批准", name, request.requestContent, request.number); //} //else if (request.requestType == "加薪" && request.number > 500) //{ // Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}{2}元,被拒绝", name, request.requestContent, request.number); //} //else //{ // Console.WriteLine("{0}:请求类型异常", name); //} #endregion #region 使用状态模式后的代码 RequestHandler rh = new RequestHandler(); rh.Name = name; rh.RequestType = request.requestType; rh.Number = request.number; rh.SetState(new LargeLeaveRequestState()); rh.DoRequest(); #endregion } } #region 使用状态模式定义的状态类和处理状态的类 abstract class RequestHandlerState { public abstract void DoRequest(RequestHandler rh); } class LargeLeaveRequestState : RequestHandlerState { public override void DoRequest(RequestHandler rh) { if (rh.RequestType == "请假") { Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}{2}天,被批准", rh.Name, rh.RequestType, rh.Number); } else { rh.SetState(new SmallAddSalaryState()); rh.DoRequest(); } } } class SmallAddSalaryState : RequestHandlerState { public override void DoRequest(RequestHandler rh) { if (rh.RequestType == "加薪" && rh.Number <= 500) { Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}{2}天,被批准", rh.Name, rh.RequestType, rh.Number); } else { rh.SetState(new LargeAddSalaryState()); rh.DoRequest(); } } } class LargeAddSalaryState : RequestHandlerState { public override void DoRequest(RequestHandler rh) { if (rh.RequestType == "加薪" && rh.Number > 500) { Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}{2}天,被拒绝", rh.Name, rh.RequestType, rh.Number); } else { rh.SetState(new FinalState()); rh.DoRequest(); } } } class FinalState : RequestHandlerState { public override void DoRequest(RequestHandler rh) { Console.WriteLine("{0}:请求类型异常", rh.Name); } } class RequestHandler { private string name; public string Name { set { name = value; } get { return name; } } private RequestHandlerState current; public RequestHandler() { current = new LargeLeaveRequestState(); } private string requestType; public string RequestType { set { requestType = value; } get { return requestType; } } private int number; public int Number { set { number = value; } get { return number; } } public void SetState(RequestHandlerState s) { current = s; } public void DoRequest() { current.DoRequest(this); } } #endregion #endregion class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { #region 职责链模式 Console.WriteLine("职责链模式效果演示："); Manager 部门经理 = new DepartmentManager("部门经理"); Manager 总监=new MajorDomo("总监"); Manager 总裁 = new CEO("总裁"); //设置职责链 部门经理.SetSuperior(总监); 总监.SetSuperior(总裁); Request request = new Request("请假", "请事假",14); 部门经理.HandleRequest(request); #endregion } }