在linux上安装postgresql

(1)下载软件包

https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/v12.7/

(2)安装必要包

yum -y install readline readline-devel zlib zlib-devel gettext gettext-devel openssl openssl-devel pam pam-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel perl perl-devel tcl-devel uuid-devel gcc gcc-c++ make flex bison perl-ExtUtils*

(3)创建用户

groupadd dba -g 2000
useradd postgres -g 2000 -u 2000
id postgres
echo “postgres123”|passwd --stdin postgres

(4)配置目录和权限

mkdir -p /opt/soft
mkdir -p /opt/pg12
mkdir -p /opt/pgdata
mkdir -p /opt/pgwal
mkdir -p /opt/pgarchive

chown -R postgres:dba /opt
chmod 0700 /opt/pgdata/
chmod 0700 /opt/pgwal/
chmod 0700 /opt/pgarchive/

(5)解压

mv postgresql-12.7.tar.gz /opt/soft
su - postgres
cd /opt/soft
tar -xzvf postgresql-12.7.tar.gz

(6)编译安装

su - postgres
cd /opt/soft
cd postgresql-12.7/
./configure --prefix=/opt/pg12 --with-pgport=5432
gmake world
gmake install-world

（7）初始化和启动

cd /opt
ln -s /opt/pg12 /opt/pgsql

初始化：输入密码123456
/opt/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /opt/pgdata/ -X /opt/pgwal/ -E UTF8 -Upostgres -W

启动
/opt/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/pgdata/ -l logfile start

查看版本
/opt/pg12/bin/postgres --version
postgres (PostgreSQL) 12.7

（8）配置环境变量

vi ~/.bash_profile

export PGPORT=5432
export PGUSER=postgres
export PGHOME=/opt/pgsql
export PGDATA=/opt/pgdata
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH

source ~/.bash_profile

（9）数据库启停

查看数据库运行状态
pg_ctl -D /opt/pgdata status

启动数据库
pg_ctl -D /opt/pgdata start &
/opt/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/pgdata/ -l logfile start

查看数据库运行状态
pg_ctl -D /opt/pgdata status

停止数据库
pg_ctl -D /opt/pgdata stop

postgres=# select version();

重启数据库
pg_ctl -D /opt/pgdata restart &