Java网络编程
1.1 、概述
Javaweb : 网页编程 B/S
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
1.2、网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方地址:
- ip
- 端口号
- 192.168.16.124:5960
规则:网络通信的协议
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小结:
- 网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位网络上的一台或 者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP 和 端口号
- 网络通信协议 udp,tcp
- 万物皆对象
1.3、IP
ip地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上计算机
-
127.0.0.1:本机localhost
-
ip地址分类
-
ipv4 / ipv6
-
IPV4:32位。 127.0.0.1,4个字节组成。0-255。42亿; 2011年已经用尽;
-
IPV6 : 128位。8个无符号整数
2001:0bb2:aaaa:0015:0000:0000:1aaa;1213
-
-
公网(互联网)- 丝网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx 专门给组织内部使用
-
-
域名 记忆问题
1.4、端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程;
-
不同的进行有不同的端口号,用来区分软件
-
被规定0~65535
-
TCP, UDP: 65535*2 tcp:80, udp:80 ,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
公有端口 0 ~ 1023
- HTTP : 80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
-
程序注册端口:1024 ~ 49151,分配用户或程序
- Tomcat : 8080
- MySQL : 3306
- Orcle : 1521
-
动态、私有:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程
-
1.5、通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话
**网络通信协议:**速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
**问题:**非常的复杂?———大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP : 用户传输协议
- UDP : 用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP :用户传输协议
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP和UDP对比
TCP:打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
三次握手 四次挥手
A:你瞅啥?
B:瞅你咋地?
A:干一场!
A:我要走了!
B:你真的要走了吗?
B:你真的真的要走了吗?
A:我真的要走了!
- 客户端、服务端
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好都可以发送
1.6、TCP实现聊天
客户端
- 连接服务器Socket
- 发送消息
服务器
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的链接 accept
- 接收用户的消息
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
while (true){
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(19999);
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取用户的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println( baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
}
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.获得服务器地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 19999;
//2.创建socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,世界!".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
1. 文件上传
服务器端
public class TcpServerDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1、创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2、监听客户端的链接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端链接
//3、获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4、文件输出(文件管道流)
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
fos.close();
socket.close();
}
}
客户端
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("D:\\Program Files (x86)\\IDEAProject\\JavaSEKuang\\基础语法\\timg.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
// 接收字符串使用字符串的管道流
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2 = is.read(buffer2)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer2, 0, len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
is.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
1.7、UDP
1. 发送消息
服务端
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);// 阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData()));
}
}
客户端
//客户端
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1、建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2、建个包
String meg = "你好啊,服务器!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9090;
//数据,数据的起始长度
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(meg.getBytes(),0,meg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
2. 循环发送消息
发送端
public class UdpSendDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if("bye".equals(data)){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);// 阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if("bye".equals(data)){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
3. UDP多线程在线聊天
//发送
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
DatagramSocket socket;
BufferedReader reader;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if ("bye".equals(data)) {
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
//接收
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int fromPort;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int fromPort,String msgFrom) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
try {
socket.receive(packet);// 阻塞式接收包裹
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" +receiveData);
if("bye".equals(data)){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
多线程实现
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(1996,"localhost",8989)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(7777,"老师")).start();
}
}
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(1988,"localhost",7777)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8989,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.8、URL
https://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
通过url下载网络资源
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://p1.music.126.net/7NZYtTE33EzQvGnblu31Fg==/109951165044253827.jpg?param=50y50");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("f.jpg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
if ((len = inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
}
}