picasso-强大的Android图片下载缓存库

  picassoSquare公司开源的一个Android图形缓存库,地址http://square.github.io/picasso/,可以实现图片下载和缓存功能。仅仅只需要一行代码就能完全实现图片的异步加载:

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Picasso. with (context).load( "http://i.imgur.com/DvpvklR.png" ).into(imageView);

  Api看起来非常独特,是吧。

Sample application screenshot.

    Picasso不仅实现了图片异步加载的功能,还解决了android中加载图片时需要解决的一些常见问题:

   1.adapter中需要取消已经不在视野范围的ImageView图片资源的加载,否则会导致图片错位,Picasso已经解决了这个问题

   2.使用复杂的图片压缩转换来尽可能的减少内存消耗

   3.自带内存和硬盘二级缓存功能

 特性以及示例代码:

        ADAPTER 中的下载Adapter的重用会被自动检测到,Picasso会取消上次的加载

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@Override public void getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
   SquaredImageView view = (SquaredImageView) convertView;
   if (view == null ) {
     view = new SquaredImageView(context);
   }
   String url = getItem(position);
   Picasso. with (context).load(url).into(view);
}

   图片转换:转换图片以适应布局大小并减少内存占用

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Picasso. with (context)
   .load(url)
   .resize(50, 50)
   .centerCrop()
   .into(imageView);

   你还可以自定义转换:

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public class CropSquareTransformation implements Transformation {
   @Override public Bitmap transform(Bitmap source) {
     int size = Math.min(source.getWidth(), source.getHeight());
     int x = (source.getWidth() - size) / 2;
     int y = (source.getHeight() - size) / 2;
     Bitmap result = Bitmap.createBitmap(source, x, y, size, size);
     if (result != source) {
       source.recycle();
     }
     return result;
   }
   @Override public String key() { return "square()" ; }
}

   将CropSquareTransformation 的对象传递给transform 方法即可。


   Place holders-空白或者错误占位图片:picasso提供了两种占位图片,未加载完成或者加载发生错误的时需要一张图片作为提示。

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Picasso. with (context)
     .load(url)
     .placeholder(R.drawable.user_placeholder)
     .error(R.drawable.user_placeholder_error)
.into(imageView);

   如果加载发生错误会重复三次请求,三次都失败才会显示erro Place holder

   资源文件的加载:除了加载网络图片picasso还支持加载Resources, assets, files, content providers中的资源文件。

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Picasso. with (context).load(R.drawable.landing_screen).into(imageView1);
Picasso. with (context).load( new File(...)).into(imageView2);


下面是picasso源码的解析(不看不影响使用)

Cache,缓存类



Lrucacha,主要是get和set方法,存储的结构采用了LinkedHashMap,这种map内部实现了lru算法(Least Recently Used 近期最少使用算法)。
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this .map = new LinkedHashMap<String, Bitmap>(0, 0.75f, true );
最后一个参数的解释:
true if the ordering should be done based on the last access (from least-recently accessed to most-recently accessed), and false if the ordering should be the order in which the entries were inserted.
因为可能会涉及多线程,所以在存取的时候都会加锁。而且每次set操作后都会判断当前缓存区是否已满,如果满了就清掉最少使用的图形。代码如下
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private void trimToSize(int maxSize) {
         while ( true ) {
             String key;
             Bitmap value;
             synchronized ( this ) {
                 if (size < 0 || (map.isEmpty() && size != 0)) {
                     throw new IllegalStateException(getClass().getName()
                             + ".sizeOf() is reporting inconsistent results!" );
                 }
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                 if (size <= maxSize || map.isEmpty()) {
                     break ;
                 }
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                 Map.Entry<String, Bitmap> toEvict = map.entrySet().iterator()
                         .next();
                 key = toEvict.getKey();
                 value = toEvict.getValue();
                 map.remove(key);
                 size -= Utils.getBitmapBytes(value);
                 evictionCount++;
             }
         }
}

Request,操作封装类



所有对图形的操作都会记录在这里,供之后图形的创建使用,如重新计算大小,旋转角度,也可以自定义变换,只需要实现Transformation,一个bitmap转换的接口。
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public interface Transformation {
   /**
    * Transform the source bitmap into a new bitmap. If you create a new bitmap instance, you must
    * call {@link android.graphics.Bitmap#recycle()} on {@code source}. You may return the original
    * if no transformation is required.
    */
   Bitmap transform(Bitmap source);
                                                                                                                                                                                                          
   /**
    * Returns a unique key for the transformation, used for caching purposes. If the transformation
    * has parameters (e.g. size, scale factor, etc) then these should be part of the key.
    */
   String key();
}

当操作封装好以后,会将Request传到另一个结构中Action。

Action


Action代表了一个具体的加载任务,主要用于图片加载后的结果回调,有两个抽象方法,complete和error,也就是当图片解析为bitmap后用户希望做什么。最简单的就是将bitmap设置给imageview,失败了就将错误通过回调通知到上层。


ImageViewAction实现了Action,在complete中将bitmap和imageview组成了一个PicassoDrawable,里面会实现淡出的动画效果。


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@Override
     public void complete(Bitmap result, Picasso.LoadedFrom from) {
         if (result == null ) {
             throw new AssertionError(String.format(
                     "Attempted to complete action with no result!\n%s" , this ));
         }
                                                                                                                                                                               
         ImageView target = this .target.get();
         if (target == null ) {
             return ;
         }
                                                                                                                                                                               
         Context context = picasso.context;
         boolean debugging = picasso.debugging;
         PicassoDrawable.setBitmap(target, context, result, from, noFade,
                 debugging);
                                                                                                                                                                               
         if (callback != null ) {
             callback.onSuccess();
         }
     }

有了加载任务,具体的图片下载与解析是在哪里呢?这些都是耗时的操作,应该放在异步线程中进行,就是下面的BitmapHunter。

BitmapHunter



BitmapHunter是一个Runnable,其中有一个decode的抽象方法,用于子类实现不同类型资源的解析。


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@Override
     public void run() {
         try {
             Thread.currentThread()
                     .setName(Utils.THREAD_PREFIX + data.getName());
                                                                                                                                                        
             result = hunt();
                                                                                                                                                        
             if (result == null ) {
                 dispatcher.dispatchFailed( this );
             } else {
                 dispatcher.dispatchComplete( this );
             }
         } catch (IOException e) {
             exception = e;
             dispatcher.dispatchRetry( this );
         } catch (Exception e) {
             exception = e;
             dispatcher.dispatchFailed( this );
         } finally {
             Thread.currentThread().setName(Utils.THREAD_IDLE_NAME);
         }
     }
                                                                                                                                                        
     abstract Bitmap decode(Request data) throws IOException;
                                                                                                                                                        
     Bitmap hunt() throws IOException {
         Bitmap bitmap;
                                                                                                                                                        
         if (!skipMemoryCache) {
             bitmap = cache.get(key);
             if (bitmap != null ) {
                 stats.dispatchCacheHit();
                 loadedFrom = MEMORY;
                 return bitmap;
             }
         }
                                                                                                                                                        
         bitmap = decode(data);
                                                                                                                                                        
         if (bitmap != null ) {
             stats.dispatchBitmapDecoded(bitmap);
             if (data.needsTransformation() || exifRotation != 0) {
                 synchronized (DECODE_LOCK) {
                     if (data.needsMatrixTransform() || exifRotation != 0) {
                         bitmap = transformResult(data, bitmap, exifRotation);
                     }
                     if (data.hasCustomTransformations()) {
                         bitmap = applyCustomTransformations(
                                 data.transformations, bitmap);
                     }
                 }
                 stats.dispatchBitmapTransformed(bitmap);
             }
         }
                                                                                                                                                        
         return bitmap;
     }
可以看到,在decode生成原始bitmap,之后会做需要的转换transformResult和applyCustomTransformations。最后在将最终的结果传递到上层dispatcher.dispatchComplete(this)。
基本的组成元素有了,那这一切是怎么连接起来运行呢,答案是Dispatcher。

Dispatcher任务调度器

在bitmaphunter成功得到bitmap后,就是通过dispatcher将结果传递出去的,当然让bitmaphunter执行也要通过Dispatcher。


Dispatcher内有一个HandlerThread,所有的请求都会通过这个thread转换,也就是请求也是异步的,这样应该是为了Ui线程更加流畅,同时保证请求的顺序,因为handler的消息队列。
外部调用的是dispatchXXX方法,然后通过handler将请求转换到对应的performXXX方法。
例如生成Action以后就会调用dispather的dispatchSubmit()来请求执行,
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void dispatchSubmit(Action action) {
         handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(REQUEST_SUBMIT, action));
     }

handler接到消息后转换到performSubmit方法

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void performSubmit(Action action) {
         BitmapHunter hunter = hunterMap.get(action.getKey());
         if (hunter != null ) {
             hunter.attach(action);
             return ;
         }
                                                                                                                       
         if (service.isShutdown()) {
             return ;
         }
                                                                                                                       
         hunter = forRequest(context, action.getPicasso(), this , cache, stats,
                 action, downloader);
         hunter.future = service.submit(hunter);
         hunterMap.put(action.getKey(), hunter);
     }
这里将通过action得到具体的BitmapHunder,然后交给ExecutorService执行。
下面是Picasso.with(context).load("http://i.imgur.com/DvpvklR.png").into(imageView)的过程,
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public static Picasso with (Context context) {
         if (singleton == null ) {
             singleton = new Builder(context).build();
         }
         return singleton;
     }
                                                                                                                   
     public Picasso build() {
             Context context = this .context;
                                                                                                               
             if (downloader == null ) {
                 downloader = Utils.createDefaultDownloader(context);
             }
             if (cache == null ) {
                 cache = new LruCache(context);
             }
             if (service == null ) {
                 service = new PicassoExecutorService();
             }
             if (transformer == null ) {
                 transformer = RequestTransformer.IDENTITY;
             }
                                                                                                               
             Stats stats = new Stats(cache);
                                                                                                               
             Dispatcher dispatcher = new Dispatcher(context, service, HANDLER,
                     downloader, cache, stats);
                                                                                                               
             return new Picasso(context, dispatcher, cache, listener,
                     transformer, stats, debugging);
         }

在Picasso.with()的时候会将执行所需的所有必备元素创建出来,如缓存cache、执行executorService、调度dispatch等,在load()时创建Request,在into()中创建action、bitmapHunter,并最终交给dispatcher执行。

参考:http://blog.csdn.net/xu_fu/article/details/17043231

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