今天看了本书《java2 参考大全》第4版,上面关于生产者-消费者的实现,感觉很不错,特摘抄一下,便于自己的复习,也希望各位阅读的朋友有所收获!
下面的例子程序错误的实行了一个简单生产者/消费者的问题。它由四个类组成:Q,
设法获得同步的序列;Producer,产生排队的线程对象;Consumer,消费序列的线程对象;
以及PC,创建单个Q,Producer,和Consumer的小类。
// An incorrect implementation of a producer and consumer.
class Q {
int n;
synchronized int get() {
System.out.println("Got: " + n);
return n;
}
synchronized void put(int n) {
this.n = n;
System.out.println("Put: " + n);
}
}
class Producer implements Runnable {
Q q;
Producer(Q q) {
this.q = q;
new Thread(this, "Producer").start();
}
public void run() {
int i = 0;
while(true) {
q.put(i++);
}
}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable {
Q q;
Consumer(Q q) {
this.q = q;
new Thread(this, "Consumer").start();
}
public void run() {
while(true) {
q.get();
}
}
}
class PC {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Q q = new Q();
new Producer(q);
new Consumer(q);
System.out.println("Press Control-C to stop.");
}
}
尽管Q类中的put( )和get( )方法是同步的,没有东西阻止生产者超越消费者,也没有东
西阻止消费者消费同样的序列两次。这样,你就得到下面的错误输出(输出将随处理器速
度和装载的任务而改变):
Put: 1
Got: 1
Got: 1
Got: 1
Got: 1
Got: 1
Put: 2
Put: 3
Put: 4
Put: 5
Put: 6
Put: 7
Got: 7
生产者生成1后,消费者依次获得同样的1五次。生产者在继续生成2到7,消费者没有
机会获得它们。
用Java正确的编写该程序是用wait( )和notify( )来对两个方向进行标志,如下所示:
public class Q {
int n;
boolean valueSet = false;
synchronized int get() {
if(!valueSet)
try {
wait();
System.out.println("get()---执行中");
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("InterruptedException caught");
}
System.out.println("Got: " + n);
valueSet = false;
notify();
return n;
}
synchronized void put(int n) {
if(valueSet)
try {
wait();
System.out.println("put()执行中");
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("InterruptedException caught");
}
this.n = n;
valueSet = true;
System.out.println("Put: " + n);
notify();
}
}
class Producer implements Runnable {
Q q;
Producer(Q q) {
this.q = q;
new Thread(this, "Producer").start();
}
public void run() {
int i = 0;
while(true) {
q.put(i++);
}
}
}
package SeriablizableTst.alogrithm;
class Consumer implements Runnable {
Q q;
Consumer(Q q) {
this.q = q;
new Thread(this, "Consumer").start();
}
public void run() {
while(true) {
q.get();
}
}
}
这样就能保证设置一次,获取一次,做到通信的同步 !
public class PCFixed {
public static void main(String []args) {
Q q = new Q();
new Producer(q);
new Consumer(q);
System.out.println("Press Control-C to stop.");
}
}