Html5Css3自适应布局
布局单位:
-
绝对单位:px
-
相对单位
-
em:针对于父元素
-
rem:针对于根(html)元素
-
vh:100%高
-
vw:100%宽
-
-
补充
- 谷歌浏览器默认字体大小: 16px 最小值12px
- 1em=16px 10px=0.625em 10px=62.5em
自适应布局-网页适应各种屏幕大小:
移动端webapp:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<script src="./webfont.js"></script>
<style>
*{margin:0;padding:0;}
#box{
/* 1rem 相当于37.5px */
width:1rem;
height:1rem;
background:red;
}
</style>
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box"></div>
</body>
</html>
//淘宝font.js 自适应字体
;
(function (win, lib) {
var doc = win.document;
var docEl = doc.documentElement;
var metaEl = doc.querySelector('meta[name="viewport"]');
var flexibleEl = doc.querySelector('meta[name="flexible"]');
var dpr = 0;
var scale = 0;
var tid;
var flexible = lib.flexible || (lib.flexible = {});
if (metaEl) {
console.warn('将根据已有的meta标签来设置缩放比例');
var match = metaEl.getAttribute('content').match(/initial\-scale=([\d\.]+)/);
if (match) {
scale = parseFloat(match[1]);
dpr = parseInt(1 / scale);
}
} else if (flexibleEl) {
var content = flexibleEl.getAttribute('content');
if (content) {
var initialDpr = content.match(/initial\-dpr=([\d\.]+)/);
var maximumDpr = content.match(/maximum\-dpr=([\d\.]+)/);
if (initialDpr) {
dpr = parseFloat(initialDpr[1]);
scale = parseFloat((1 / dpr).toFixed(2));
}
if (maximumDpr) {
dpr = parseFloat(maximumDpr[1]);
scale = parseFloat((1 / dpr).toFixed(2));
}
}
}
if (!dpr && !scale) {
var isAndroid = win.navigator.appVersion.match(/android/gi);
var isIPhone = win.navigator.appVersion.match(/iphone/gi);
var devicePixelRatio = win.devicePixelRatio;
if (isIPhone) {
// iOS下,对于2和3的屏,用2倍的方案,其余的用1倍方案
if (devicePixelRatio >= 3 && (!dpr || dpr >= 3)) {
dpr = 3;
} else if (devicePixelRatio >= 2 && (!dpr || dpr >= 2)) {
dpr = 2;
} else {
dpr = 1;
}
} else {
// 其他设备下,仍旧使用1倍的方案
dpr = 1;
}
scale = 1 / dpr;
}
docEl.setAttribute('data-dpr', dpr);
if (!metaEl) {
metaEl = doc.createElement('meta');
metaEl.setAttribute('name', 'viewport');
metaEl.setAttribute('content', 'initial-scale=' + scale + ', maximum-scale=' + scale + ', minimum-scale=' + scale + ', user-scalable=no');
if (docEl.firstElementChild) {
docEl.firstElementChild.appendChild(metaEl);
} else {
var wrap = doc.createElement('div');
wrap.appendChild(metaEl);
doc.write(wrap.innerHTML);
}
}
function refreshRem() {
var width = docEl.getBoundingClientRect().width;
if (width / dpr > 540) {
width = 540 * dpr;
}
var rem = width / 10;
docEl.style.fontSize = rem + 'px';
flexible.rem = win.rem = rem;
}
win.addEventListener('resize', function () {
clearTimeout(tid);
tid = setTimeout(refreshRem, 300);
}, false);
win.addEventListener('pageshow', function (e) {
if (e.persisted) {
clearTimeout(tid);
tid = setTimeout(refreshRem, 300);
}
}, false);
if (doc.readyState === 'complete') {
doc.body.style.fontSize = 12 * dpr + 'px';
} else {
doc.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function (e) {
doc.body.style.fontSize = 12 * dpr + 'px';
}, false);
}
refreshRem();
flexible.dpr = win.dpr = dpr;
flexible.refreshRem = refreshRem;
flexible.rem2px = function (d) {
var val = parseFloat(d) * this.rem;
if (typeof d === 'string' && d.match(/rem$/)) {
val += 'px';
}
return val;
}
flexible.px2rem = function (d) {
var val = parseFloat(d) / this.rem;
if (typeof d === 'string' && d.match(/px$/)) {
val += 'rem';
}
return val;
}
})(window, window['lib'] || (window['lib'] = {}));
双飞翼布局:
三栏布局:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<!-- <script src="./webfont.js"></script> -->
<style>
*{margin:0;padding:0;}
.main div{
float:left;
}
.content{
width:100%;
background:orange;
}
.content .item{
padding-left:100px;
padding-right: 100px;
}
.left{
width:100px;
background: red;
/* 负的左边100% */
margin-left: -100%;
}
.right{
width:100px;
background:blue;
/* 负的右边块的宽度 */
margin-left: -100px;
}
</style>
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="main">
<div class="content">
<div class="item">中</div>
</div>
<div class="left">左</div>
<div class="right">右</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果图:
弹性盒布局-direction-wrap-flow:
弹性盒布局(可伸缩的盒子):
- 优势
- 写起来比较简单
- 灵活性 代码优雅
- 缺点
- 不兼容ie和安卓低级版本
使用:
-
容器 (父元素)
-
display:flex; //让容器成员是弹性项目
-
flex-direction: 决定主轴是什么方向(项目排序方向)
- row:横向 默认值
- column: 纵向
- row-reverse: 横向翻转
- column-reverse: 纵向翻转
-
flex-wrap: 让项目换行
- nowrap: 不换行 默认值
- wrap 换行
-
flex-flow: 复合属性 (direction wrap)
-
justify-content: 横向盒子摆放
- flex-start: 靠左
- flex-end: 靠右
- center 居中
- space-between 两端对齐 项目两端对齐,项目之间的距离都相等。
- space-around 每个项目两侧距离相等,两侧距离是项目中间距离的一半。
-
align-items: 纵向盒子摆放
- flex-start:靠上 (默认值)
- flex-end: 靠下
- center: 垂直居中
- baseline: 以项目第一行文字为基准线。
- stretch 如果容器没有设置高度或者auto则占满整个高度。
-
-
容器成员 | 项目 (子元素)
- order: 排序方式,数值越小,越靠前
- flex-grow: 默认值0,等比例放大。(最常用)
- flex-shrink: 默认值1,比例缩小。
- flex-basis: 相当于width
- flex: 复合属性(grow+shrink+basis) 默认值 0 1 auto(后面两个值是可选择)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<!-- <script src="./webfont.js"></script> -->
<style>
*{margin:0;padding:0;}
ul{
list-style: none;
display:flex;
/* 换行 */
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
ul li{
width:300px;
height:300px;
background: red;
margin:10px;
text-align:center;
line-height: 300px;
font-size: 50px;
color:#fff;
}
</style>
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li>1</li>
<li>2</li>
<li>3</li>
<li>1</li>
<li>2</li>
<li>3</li>
<li>1</li>
<li>2</li>
<li>3</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
弹性盒布局(justify和algin居中):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<!-- <script src="./webfont.js"></script> -->
<style>
*{margin:0;padding:0;}
.container{
width:1600px;
height: 700px;
border:1px solid blue;
display: flex;
/* 靠右 */
/* justify-content:flex-end; */
/* 居中 */
justify-content:center;
}
.container div{
margin:10px;
background:red;
height:100px;
width:100px;
/* flex-grow:1 子元素比例一致 */
flex-grow: 1;
}
.container div.item{
/* 中间的盒子是兄弟盒子的5倍。 */
flex-grow:5;
/* 子元素 */
/* order:默认是0 ,那个子元素小,哪个排在前面 */
/* order:-1; */
}
</style>
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div>1</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
<div>3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
圣杯布局:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<!-- <script src="./webfont.js"></script> -->
<title>圣杯布局</title>
<style>
*{margin:0;padding:0;}
.container{
display: flex;
/* 100%高 */
height: 100vh;
/* 纵向排序 */
flex-direction: column;
}
header{
background: #ccc;
flex-basis: 150px;
}
section{
flex:1;
background: pink;
/* 子弹性盒子 */
display: flex;
}
section .left{
background: red;
flex-basis: 300px;
}
section .center{
background: blue;
flex:1;
}
section .right{
background: red;
flex-basis:300px;
}
footer{
background:green;
flex-basis: 150px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<header>头部150px</header>
<section>
<div class="left">左300px</div>
<div class="center">中可变</div>
<div class="right">右300px</div>
</section>
<footer>底部150px</footer>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果图: