Javascript 004: Type Conversion

Implicit

Explicit

• Use the Boolean(), Number(), and String() functions

        

        Note: toString() is an alternative for String() among most objects other than null or undefined

        Number() only works for base-10 integers and does not allow trailing characters that are not part of the literal.

•  Use operators

1. + operator: if one of the operands is a string, others are all converted to strings, example.

   x + "" // => String(x)

2. Unary + operator:converts its operand to a number, example.

   +x // => Number(x)

           Note: Unary operators are those acting upon a single operand to produce a new value.

1. Unary ! operator: converts its operand to a boolean and negates it, example.

   !!x // => Boolean(x): Note double !

• Use toString() for numbers: convert numbers to string with oprtional base/radix, example. 

let n = 17;
let binary = "0b" + n.toString(2);  // binary == "0b10001"
let octal = "0o" + n.toString(8);   // octal == "0o21"
let hex = "0x" + n.toString(16);    // hex == "0x11"

• Use toFixed(), toExponential(), toPrecision() for scientific numbers: 
  • toFixed() -- 小数点后位数.Converts a number to a string with a specified number of digits after the decimal point.  
  • toPrecision() -- 控制有效数字. Converts a number to a string with the number of significant digits you specify. 
  • toExponential() -- 科学计数法 Converts a number to a string using exponential notation. 参数为小数点后位数，小数点前永远只有1位，

let n = 123456.789;
n.toFixed(0)         // => "123457"
n.toFixed(2)         // => "123456.79"
n.toFixed(5)         // => "123456.78900"
n.toExponential(1)   // => "1.2e+5"
n.toExponential(3)   // => "1.235e+5"
n.toPrecision(4)     // => "1.235e+5"
n.toPrecision(7)     // => "123456.8"
n.toPrecision(10)    // => "123456.7890"

• Use parseInt() or parseFloat() -- more flexible alternative to Number() for String -> number conversion
  • parseInt() only parses integers
    • Begins with “0x” or “0X”, interpret as hex
    • Skip leading whitespace
    • Parse as many numeric characters as they can, and ignore anything that follows
    • If first nonspace character is not part of a valid numeric literal, they return NaN
  • parseFloat() parses both integers and floating-point numbers
    • Skip leading whitespace
    • Parse as many numeric characters as they can, and ignore anything that follows
    • If first nonspace character is not part of a valid numeric literal, they return NaN

Object to Primitive Conversions

TBD