Python--iminuit相关学习笔记（一）

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from iminuit import Minuit
from iminuit.cost import LeastSquares
import iminuit
print("iminuit version:", iminuit.__version__)

def line(x, α, β):
    return α + x * β
   
rng = np.random.default_rng(1)
data_x = np.linspace(0, 1, 10)
data_yerr = 0.1 
data_y = rng.normal(line(data_x, 1, 2), data_yerr)

minimuit模块提供了Leastsquares类来方便地生成最小二乘代价函数

least_squares = LeastSquares(data_x, data_y, data_yerr, line)
m = Minuit(least_squares, α=0, β=0) 
m.migrad()
m.hesse() 

使用matplotlib绘制更好的图

plt.errorbar(data_x, data_y, data_yerr, fmt="ok", label="data")
plt.plot(data_x, line(data_x, *m.values), label="fit")

fit_info = [
    f"$\\chi^2$/$n_\\mathrm{{dof}}$ = {m.fval:.1f} / {m.ndof:.0f} = {m.fmin.reduced_chi2:.1f}",
]
for p, v, e in zip(m.parameters, m.values, m.errors):
    fit_info.append(f"{p} = ${v:.3f} \\pm {e:.3f}$")

plt.legend(title="\n".join(fit_info), frameon=False)
plt.xlabel("x")
plt.ylabel("y");