初学swift_001

Xcode Version 8.1 (8B62)
直接贴代码及注释

/*********常量与变量的声明**********/

let a = 5 //定义常量    能使用常量尽量使用常量

//a = 6  //常量不能修改

var b = 5

b = 6

//swift中所有的基本类型都是值类型，包括string类型

var c = b

c

b = 88

c

//swift中的类都是大写的

//下面的常量声明是显式指定类型

let i: Float = 5.5 //默认编译器推断的是double


//常用的类型string,character,bool,float,double,int


let flag = true


let str = "hello world"

let ch: Character = "a"


//元祖(tuple)

//元祖声明的语法就是一个括号，逗号分隔用来存放多个数据

let t = (404,"not found")

let t1 = (1,1,1,2,3,4)

//通过下标来访问元祖

t.0

t.1


let t2 = (name: "dq" ,age: 18)//不需要给每个成员都取名字


t2.name

t2.age

let t3: (name: String,age: Float) = ("cj2",46.6)

t3.age

t3.name


let t4: (String,Float) = ("aaaa",4)

t4.0

t4.1


let t5:(name: String, Float) = ("bbb",5)

t5.1


let t6:(String,Float) = (name: "xxxx",age: 55)

t6.0

t6.1

//t6.name //由于在声明的时候没有指定名字，所以不能访问


//下面的写法（声明的同时就赋值）不行，

//let t8: (name: String = "aaa",age: Float = 222)


//string类型


let str1: String


str1 = "aaaa"


var  str2   = "bbbb"

str2 = "cccc"

str2 += "dddd"

str2 = "abcdefg"


str2.characters.count //取字符长度


str2.startIndex

str2.endIndex

str2[str2.startIndex]

//str2[str2.startIndex + 1]  str2.startIndex返回的并不是Int类型，不能进行加法等运算


str2.index(after: str2.startIndex)

str2[str2.index(after: str2.startIndex)]

str2.index(before: str2.endIndex)


str2.index(str2.startIndex, offsetBy: 3)

str2[str2.index(str2.startIndex, offsetBy: 3)]


str2.index(str2.endIndex, offsetBy: -3)


str2.substring(to: str2.index(str2.startIndex, offsetBy: 3))//截取前三个字符


str2.substring(from: str2.index(str2.startIndex, offsetBy: 3))//从第三个之后开始，不包括第三个字符，即从下标为3的字符开始，一直到结尾


str2.uppercased()//将字母转换成大写

str2.lowercased()//将字母转换成小写

str2.capitalized//首字母大写


str2.hasPrefix("abc") //是否有前缀（prefix）

str2.hasSuffix("abc") //是否有后缀

str2.hasSuffix("g")

str2.hasSuffix("fg")

str2.contains("de") // 是否包含


i


let str3 = "abc \(i * 5)"


//swift操作符基本与c#，java一样


let f = true

a


if f {

    print("true")

}


if (a >= 5 )  {

    print("da yu dengyu 5")

}  else if( a > 3) {



} else {



}


let age = 35

switch age {

case 25:

    print("25sui")

case 35:

    print("chenjun")

default:

    print("fei 25")

}


Int.min

Int.max


switch age {

case 1...60://表示区间［1,60］

    print("suo you de zhengshu ")

default:

    print("1...60zhiwai")

}



switch age {

case 1,20,35,60:

    print("suo you de zhengshu ")

default:

    print("1...60zhiwai")

}



let arr = [1,2,3,4,8,30,5,10]

for a in arr {

    print(a)

}



for a in 0...3 {

    print(arr[a])

}


var max = arr[0]

for item in arr {

    if item % 2 != 0 && item > max {

        max = item

    }

}

max


var n = 3

while n < 10 {

    n += 1

    print(n)

}


n = 3

repeat {

    print("xxx")

    n += 1

} while  n < 10



/********  集合 Array，Dictionary，Set ***/


let arr2: Array<Int> = Array<Int>()

var arr3 = [1,2,3,3]

let arr4: Array<Int> = []



arr3[0]


arr3.append(5)

arr3.append(contentsOf: [6,7,8])//添加数组元素

arr3

arr3 += [10,11]//添加数组元素

arr3


//arr3.insert(contentsOf: <#T##Collection#>, at: <#T##Int#>)


//arr3.remove(at: <#T##Int#>)



var dic = ["a":"abc","b":"def"]

dic["a"]//有则查找

dic["c"] = "gig"//无则添加

dic.count


for k in dic.keys {

    print(k)

}


for v in dic.values {

    print(v)

}


for (k,v) in dic {

    print ("key is \(k) value is \(v)")

}



var s: Set<Int> = [1,2,3,4,4]


s.count

s.insert(2)


s.count


var s1: Set<Int> = [2,3,6,7]


let r1 = s.intersection(s1)// 交集

s.union(s1)//并集