浅谈JSON:
1.概念:
1.JSON:JavaScript 对象表示法(JavaScript Object Notation), 是一种轻量级易与解析的数据格式,它按照 js 的对象和数组的字面量格式来书写。易于人阅读和编写,也易于机器解析和生成。广泛应用于服务端与客户端的数据交互。
2.JSON 是存储和交换文本信息的语法,类似 XML;JSON 采用完全独立于语言的文本格式,也使用了类似于 C 语言家族的习惯(包括 C, C++, C#,Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python…)这些特性使 JSON 成为理想的数据交换语言。
3.JSON在过去几年中已变得非常受欢迎,尤其是在 web 开发中。
2.格式:
两种构建结构:*
1.对象:“名称/值”对的集合
{ "name": "蒙", "age": 18, "sex": false }
2.数组:值的有序列表
[ { "name": "xiaopeng", "age": 18, "sex": true }, { "name": "dameng", "age": 19, "sex": false } ]
{ "name": "teacher", "computer": { "CPU":"intel7, "disk": "512G" }, "students": [ { "name": "张三", "age": 18, "sex": true }, { "name": "李四", "age": 19, "sex": false } ] }
3.解析方式:
1)使用gson解析:
(I)、Gson 的 节点对象:
1:JsonElement : 所有的节点 都是 JsonElement 对象.
2:JsonPrimitive : 基本的 数据类型的 节点 对象, JsonElement 的子类.
3:JsonNull : 代表 空节点 对象,即 有 key,value 为空,JsonElement 的子类.
4:JsonObject : 对象 数据类型的 节点 对象JsonElement 的 子类.
5:JsonArray : 数组 数据类型的 节点 对象, JsonElement 的 子类.执行步骤:
①获得解析器
②获得根节点元素
③根据文档判断根节点属于什么类型的 Gson 节点对
④取得节点下的某个节点的 value
// ①获得解析器 JsonParser parser = new JsonParser(); // ②获得根节点元素 String json = "{\"id\":\"01\",\"user\":{\"name\":\"鹏鹏\",\"address\":\"高安\",\"sex\":true}}"; JsonElement root = parser.parse(json); // 得到数据类型的 节点 对象 JsonObject object = root.getAsJsonObject(); // 创建Gson对象 Gson gson = new Gson(); // 解析 Map<String,Object> map = gson.fromJson(object, new TypeToken<Map<String,Object>>(){}.getType()); System.out.println(map.get("id")); // 通过父节点拿到普通数据类型子节点 JsonPrimitive asJsonPrimitive = object.getAsJsonPrimitive("id"); String asString = asJsonPrimitive.getAsString(); System.out.println(asString);
(2)、JsonElement 的取值:
1:JsonPrimitive : value 的 取值对应 java 的
(int,double,float,long,short,boolean,char,byte,String,BigDecimal,BigInteger,Number)
2:JsonObject : value 的取值对应 java 的 Object 对象.
3:JsonArray : value 的取值对应 java 的 List 及其子类对象
(3)实例分析:
//实体类创建:
package com.mage.po;
public class User {
private String name;
private String address;
private boolean sex;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [name=" + name + ", address=" + address + ", sex=" + sex + "]";
}
public User(String name, String address, boolean sex) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.address = address;
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public boolean isSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(boolean sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
}
1)对象与Json相互转换:
package com.mage.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.mage.po.User;
@WebServlet("/js01")
public class JsonServlet01 extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("对象转json");
User user = new User("小小","江西",true);
// 创建Gson对象
Gson gson = new Gson();
// 将user转换为json字符串
String json = gson.toJson(user);
System.out.println(json);
System.out.println("json转对象");
// 创建json字符串
String json1 = "{\"name\":\"小小\",\"address\":\"江西\",\"sex\":true}";
// 创建Gson对象
Gson gson1 = new Gson();
// 将json字符串转换为user对象
User user1 = gson1.fromJson(json1, User.class);
System.out.println(user1);
}
}
2)List与Json相互转换:
package com.mage.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
import com.mage.po.User;
@WebServlet("/js02")
public class JsonServlet02 extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("List转json");
// 创建List<User>集合
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
// 创建user 添加到 userList中
userList.add(new User("小小","江西",true));
userList.add(new User("鹏鹏","高安",true));
userList.add(new User("小米","长沙",true));
// 创建gson对象
Gson gson = new Gson();
// List转json
String json = gson.toJson(userList);
System.out.println(json);
System.out.println("json转List");
// 创建json字符串
String json1 = "[{\"name\":\"小小\",\"address\":\"江西\",\"sex\":true},{\"name\":\"鹏鹏\",\"address\":\"高安\",\"sex\":true},{\"name\":\"小米\",\"address\":\"长沙\",\"sex\":true}]";
// 创建gson对象
Gson gson1 = new Gson();
// json转List
List<User> userList1 = gson1.fromJson(json1, new TypeToken<List<User>>(){}.getType());
for (User user : userList1) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}
3)Map与Json相互转换:
package com.mage.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
import com.mage.po.User;
@WebServlet("/js03")
public class JsonServlet03 extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("Map转json");
// 创建Map集合
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("id", "01");
map.put("user", new User("小小","江西",true));
// 创建Gson对象
Gson gson = new Gson();
// Map转json
String json = gson.toJson(map);
System.out.println(json);
System.out.println("json转Map");
// 来一个json字符串
String json1 = "{\"id\":\"01\",\"user\":{\"name\":\"鹏鹏\",\"address\":\"高安\",\"sex\":true}}";
// 创建Gson对象
Gson gson1 = new Gson();
// json转map
Map<String,Object> map1 = gson1.fromJson(json1, new TypeToken<Map<String,Object>>(){}.getType());
for (String key : map1.keySet()) {
System.out.println(key + ":" + map1.get(key));
}
}
}
2)使用fastjson解析:
(1)概述: 阿里巴巴 fastJson 是一个 Json 处理工具包,包括“序列化”和“反序列化”两部分, 是一个 Java 语言编写的高性能功能完善的 JSON 库。fastjson 采用独创的算法,将 parse的速度提升到极致,超过所有 json 库,包括曾经号称最快的 JackJson。并且还超越了 google 的二进制协议 protocol buf。Fastjson 完全支持 http://json.org 的标准,也是官方网站收录的参考实现之一。
***(2)优点:***速度最快,测试表明,fastjson 具有极快的性能,超越其他的 Java Json parser。包括自称最快的JackJson;功能强大,完全支持 Java Bean、集合、Map、日期、Enum,支持范型,支持自省;无依赖。
(3)实例分析:
package com.mage.po;
public class User {
private String name;
private String address;
private boolean sex;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [name=" + name + ", address=" + address + ", sex=" + sex + "]";
}
public User(String name, String address, boolean sex) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.address = address;
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public boolean isSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(boolean sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
}
1)对象与Json相互转换:
package com.mage.fastjson;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.mage.po.User;
@WebServlet("/js05")
public class JsonSerlvet05 extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("对象转json");
// 创建对象
User user = new User("小小","江西",true);
// 将user转换为json字符串
String json = JSON.toJSONString(user);
System.out.println(json);
System.out.println("json转对象");
// 创建json字符串
String json1 = "{\"name\":\"小小\",\"address\":\"江西\",\"sex\":true}";
// 将json字符串转换为user对象
User user1 = JSON.parseObject(json1,User.class);
System.out.println(user1);
}
}
2)List与Json相互转换:
package com.mage.fastjson;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.TypeReference;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
import com.mage.po.User;
@WebServlet("/js06")
public class JsonServlet06 extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("List转json");
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
userList.add(new User("小小","江西",true));
userList.add(new User("鹏鹏","高安",true));
userList.add(new User("小萌","宜春",false));
// List转json
String json = JSON.toJSONString(userList); // [{},{},{}]
System.out.println(json);
System.out.println("json转List");
// 创建json字符串
String json1 = "[{\"name\":\"小小\",\"address\":\"江西\",\"sex\":true},{\"name\":\"鹏鹏\",\"address\":\"高安\",\"sex\":true},{\"name\":\"小萌\",\"address\":\"宜春\",\"sex\":true}]";
List<User> userList1 = JSON.parseArray(json1, User.class);
for (User user : userList1) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}
3)Map与Json相互转换:
package com.mage.fastjson;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.TypeReference;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
import com.mage.po.User;
@WebServlet("/js07")
public class JsonServlet07 extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("Map转json");
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("id", "01");
map.put("user", new User("小小","江西",true));
// Map转json
String json = JSON.toJSONString(map);
System.out.println(json);
System.out.println("json转Map");
// 来一个json字符串
String json1 = "{\"id\":\"02\",\"user\":{\"name\":\"鹏鹏\",\"address\":\"高安\",\"sex\":true}}";
// json转map
Map<String,Object> map1 = JSON.parseObject(json1,map.getClass());
for (String key : map1.keySet()) {
System.out.println(key + ":" + map1.get(key));
}
}
}