复合句语法

复合句指的是包含两个或多个独立子句的句子。这些子句可以并列关系,也可以是主从关系,分别构成并列复合句和主从复合句。

复合句的两种主要类型
复合句可以分为两种主要类型:

并列复合句:结构简单,各个简单句平等,表达并列或递进关系。
主从复合句:结构复杂,从句依附于主句,并充当主句的某个成分。

1. 并列句

并列句 (Compound Sentence) 是由两个或多个独立的简单句通过并列连词连接而成的句子。每个简单句都具有完整的句子结构,包含主语和谓语,可以单独表达完整的意思。

1.1 并列句的结构

  • 简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句
  • 例如:
    • I went to the store, and I bought some milk.
    • He is a good student, but he is shy.
    • She loves to dance, or she enjoys playing the piano.

1.2 常见的并列连词

  • 并列: and, also, too, as well as, not only…but also, neither…nor
  • 转折: but, however, yet, still, nevertheless, nonetheless
  • 选择: or, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or
  • 因果: for, so, therefore, thus
  • 补充: that is, in other words, for example, for instance
  • 时间: then, when, while, as

1.3 并列句的类型

  • 并列关系: 两个子句表达相同或类似的思想,没有因果关系。
  • 转折关系: 第二个子句表达与第一个子句相反或对比的思想。
  • 选择关系: 两个子句提供两个或多个选择,只有一个选择是正确的。
  • 因果关系: 第二个子句解释第一个子句的原因。
  • 补充关系: 第二个子句提供第一个子句的额外信息。
  • 时间关系: 第二个子句表达第一个子句发生的时间。

例子:

  • The sun was shining, and the birds were singing. (并列关系)
  • I wanted to go to the beach, but it was raining. (转折关系)
  • You can have the cake, or you can have the ice cream. (选择关系)
  • I was tired, so I went to bed. (因果关系)
  • He was a good student, that is, he always got good grades. (补充关系)
  • I was walking down the street, when I saw a dog. (时间关系)

1.4 并列句的修饰

  • 可以使用插入语或副词短语来修饰并列句,例如:
    • He is a good student, in fact, he is the best in his class.
    • She loves to dance, especially when she is with her friends.
  • 可以使用同位语来补充说明并列句中的某一部分,例如:
    • He is a talented artist, a painter, and he is afraid to show his work.

1.5 并列句中的省略规则

1. 相同主语省略

  • 规则: 当并列句中两个分句的主语相同时,且谓语动词不同时,可以省略第二个分句的主语。
  • 例子
    • 完整句:He went to the store, and he bought some milk.
    • 省略句:He went to the store and bought some milk.

2. 相同主谓省略

  • 规则: 当并列句中两个分句的主语和谓语动词都相同时,且宾语或其他成分不同时,可以省略第二个分句的主语和谓语动词。
  • 例子
    • 完整句:He went to the store, and he went to the library.
    • 省略句:He went to the store and (he) to the library. (注意:在实际应用中,括号内的部分通常省略)

3. 相同谓宾省略

  • 规则: 当并列句中两个分句的谓语动词和宾语相同,且主语不同时,可以省略第二个分句的谓语动词和宾语,通常使用助动词(如do/does/did)来替代。
  • 例子
    • 完整句:He likes apples, and she likes apples.
    • 省略句:He likes apples, and she does.

注意事项

  • 省略必须符合语法和语义要求,不能造成歧义或理解障碍。
  • 在正式书面语中,省略应该谨慎使用,避免过度省略导致句子结构不清。
  • 在口语中,省略更为常见,但也要注意保持清晰的表达。

1.6 其他并列句的使用

除了常见的并列连词外,还可以使用其他词语或短语来连接并列句,例如:

  • as well as: 也
  • in addition to: 除了…之外
  • not only…but also: 不仅…而且
  • both…and: 两者都…
  • for example: 例如
  • such as: 例如

例句:

  • He is a good singer, as well as a talented musician.
  • In addition to being smart, she is also very kind.
  • Not only is he handsome, but also he is very intelligent.

1.7 并列句的注意事项

  • 并列连词的使用要准确,根据句子之间的逻辑关系选择合适的连词。
  • 并列句的两个简单句之间要有逻辑上的联系,不能是毫无关系的句子。
  • 并列句的语序要合理,避免出现语法错误。
  • 并非所有并列连词都适用于所有并列关系。例如,“and” 用于并列关系,而 “but” 用于转折关系。
  • 一些连词可以用于多种并列关系。例如,“so” 可以用于因果关系,也可以用于补充关系。
  • 有些并列句可能包含多个连词。例如,“I went to the store, and I bought some groceries, but I forgot the milk.”

2. 名词性从句

名词性从句顾名思义,在句子中起着名词的作用,可以充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等成分。它通常由连接词引导,并包含一个完整的句子结构。

2.1 名词性从句引导词

连接词

  • that: "that"是一个常用的连接词,它可以引导所有类型的名词性从句,并且在从句中不充当任何成分。在口语和非正式写作中,"that"有时可以省略,尤其是在宾语从句中。
    • 例如:
      • I know that he is honest. (宾语从句)
      • The fact that he is honest is well-known. (主语从句)
      • It is clear that he is honest. (表语从句)
      • The news that he is honest surprised everyone. (同位语从句)
  • whether/if: "whether"和"if"都可以引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,但"whether"更适合用于引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句,尤其是在句首的位置。
    • 例如:
      • I don’t know whether/if he will come. (宾语从句)
      • Whether he will come is still unknown. (主语从句)
      • The question is whether he will come. (表语从句)
      • The news whether he will come is still unknown. (同位语从句)

连接代词

连接代词引导名词性从句,在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,并具有疑问意义。主要包括:

  • who: 指人,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
    • 例如:
      • I don’t know who broke the window. (宾语从句)
      • Who broke the window is still unknown. (主语从句)
      • The question is who broke the window. (表语从句)
  • whom: 指人,在从句中作宾语。
    • 例如:
      • I don’t know whom you are talking to. (宾语从句)
  • what: 指物或抽象概念,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
    • 例如:
      • I don’t know what he wants. (宾语从句)
      • What he wants is still unknown. (主语从句)
      • The question is what he wants. (表语从句)
  • which: 指代特定范围内的物或人,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
    • 例如:
      • I don’t know which one he wants. (宾语从句)
      • Which one he wants is still unknown. (主语从句)
      • The question is which one he wants. (表语从句)
  • whoever: 指任何人,在从句中作主语或宾语。
    • 例如:
      • Whoever comes will be welcome. (主语从句)
      • I will give the book to whoever wants it. (宾语从句)
  • whomever: 指任何人,在从句中作宾语。
    • 例如:
      • I will help whomever needs it. (宾语从句)
  • whatever: 指任何事,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
    • 例如:
      • Whatever he does is right. (主语从句)
      • I will do whatever you want me to do. (宾语从句)
      • The problem is whatever he wants. (表语从句)
  • whichever: 指任何一个,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
    • 例如:
      • Whichever you choose will be good. (主语从句)
      • You can take whichever you like. (宾语从句)
      • The question is whichever you choose. (表语从句)

连接副词

连接副词引导名词性从句,在从句中作状语,并表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。主要包括:

  • when: 表示时间。
    • 例如:
      • I don’t know when he will come. (宾语从句)
      • When he will come is still unknown. (主语从句)
  • where: 表示地点。
    • 例如:
      • I don’t know where he lives. (宾语从句)
      • Where he lives is still unknown. (主语从句)
  • why: 表示原因。
    • 例如:
      • I don’t know why he is sad. (宾语从句)
      • Why he is sad is a mystery. (主语从句)
  • how: 表示方式。
    • 例如:
      • I don’t know how to do it. (宾语从句)
      • How to do it is still unknown. (主语从句)

2.2 主语从句

主语从句,即在句子中充当主语成分的从句。它通常位于句首,由连接词引导,其结构与一个完整的句子相同,但在主从复合句中,它作为一个整体来充当主语。

主语从句的常见句型

  • 主语从句 + be 动词 + 表语

    • 例如:That he is a good student is obvious.
    • 解释:在这个句型中,“That he is a good student”是一个完整的主语从句,作为句子的主语,后面跟着 be动词“is”和表语“obvious”。
  • 主语从句 + 谓语 + 宾语

    • 例如:What he said surprised me.
    • 解释:在这个句型中,“What he said”是一个完整的主语从句,作为句子的主语,后面跟着谓语“surprised”和宾语“me”。
  • It + be 动词 + 形容词/名词 + that/whether/if 从句

    • 例如:It is clear that he is a good student.
    • 解释:这个句型中,“It”是形式主语,用于平衡句子结构,真正的主语是后面的“that he is a good student”从句。

主语从句的例句

  • That he is a doctor is true.
  • Whether he will come or not is uncertain.
  • What he said is very important.
  • Who broke the window is unknown.
  • When he will graduate is a question.

主语从句的常见错误

  • 缺少连接词

    • 错误示例:He is a doctor is true.
    • 正确写法:That he is a doctor is true.
    • 解释:在主语从句中,必须有一个连接词来引导从句,否则句子会显得不完整。
  • 语序错误

    • 错误示例:Is he a good student is* obvious.*
    • 正确写法:That he is a good student is obvious.
    • 解释:主语从句必须保持陈述句的语序,即主语+谓语+其他成分,而不是疑问句的语序。

额外说明

  • 主语从句的完整性:主语从句是一个完整的句子,有自己的主语和谓语,但在复合句中作为一个整体来充当主语。
  • 其他引导词:除了上述提到的连接词外,主语从句还可以使用其他引导词,如 which, how, where, why等,根据句子需要选择合适的引导词。
  • “It”作形式主语:使用“It”作为形式主语是一种常见的句子结构,用于平衡句子,避免头重脚轻。在这种结构中,“It”没有实际意义,真正的主语是后面的从句。

2.3 宾语从句

宾语从句,在句子中充当宾语成分的从句。它通常位于及物动词或介词之后,并由连接词引导,其结构与一个完整的句子相同,但在宾语从句中它并没有独立的主语和谓语,而是作为整个句子的一个部分。

宾语从句的常见句型

  • 动词 + 宾语从句

    • 例如:I know that he is a good student.
    • 解释:这里的“I know”是主句,“that he is a good student”是宾语从句,作为“know”的宾语。
  • 介词 + 宾语从句

    • 例如:I am worried about whether he will come.
    • 解释:在“I am worried about”这个介词短语中,“whether he will come”是宾语从句,作为“about”的宾语。
  • 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(宾语从句)

    • 例如:I told him that he should study hard.
    • 解释:“him”是间接宾语,“that he should study hard”是直接宾语(宾语从句),共同作为“told”的宾语。

宾语从句的例句

  • I know that he is a doctor.
  • I don’t know whether he will come or not.
  • I know what he said.
  • I know who broke the window.
  • I know where he lives.

宾语从句的常见错误

  • 缺少连接词

    • 错误示例:I know he is a good student.
    • 正确写法:I know that he is a good student.
    • 解释:宾语从句需要一个连接词来连接主句和从句,尽管陈述句且简短的宾语从句有时可以省略“that”,但在正式文体中为了避免歧义或强调从句内容,建议保留“that”。
  • 语序错误:

    • 错误示例:I know is he a good student.
    • 正确写法:I know that he is a good student.
    • 解释:宾语从句的语序应该是陈述句的语序,即主语+谓语+其他成分,而不是疑问句的语序。

额外说明

  • 宾语从句的独立性:尽管宾语从句是一个完整的句子结构,但它不能独立存在,必须依赖于主句。
  • 连接词的选择:连接词的选择取决于从句的内容和主句的需要,如“that”用于陈述事实,“whether”用于表示不确定性等。
  • 宾语从句与定语从句的区别:宾语从句和定语从句都跟在某个词后面,但宾语从句是句子成分(宾语),而定语从句是修饰某个名词或代词的句子成分(定语)。

2.4 表语从句

表语从句,即在句子中充当表语成分的从句,通常位于系动词之后,用于解释或说明主语的性质、状态或特征。

表语从句的常见句型

  • 主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句
    • 例如:The truth is that he is a good student.
    • 解释:在这个句型中,“that he is a good student”是一个完整的表语从句,用于解释说明主语“The truth”的内容。

表语从句的例句

  • The problem is that I don’t know the answer.
  • The question is whether he will come or not.
  • His concern is where he left his keys.
  • My impression is how well she plays the piano.
  • The reason for his absence is that he is ill.

表语从句的常见错误

  • 缺少连接词

    • 错误示例:The problem is I don’t know the answer.
    • 正确写法:The problem is that I don’t know the answer.
    • 解释:表语从句如果是一个完整的句子,通常需要由连接词(如that)引导。
  • 语序错误

    • 错误示例:The question is will he come or not.
    • 正确写法:The question is whether he will come or not.
    • 解释:表语从句应保持陈述句的语序,即主语+谓语+其他成分。
  • 误用连接词

    • 错误示例:The reason for his success is because he works hard.
    • 正确写法:The reason for his success is that he works hard. (或 He succeeds because he works hard.)
    • 解释:“because”通常用于引导原因状语从句,而不是表语从句。在表语从句中,通常使用“that”或省略连接词。

额外说明

  • 表语从句的完整性:表语从句作为一个完整的句子,拥有自己的主语和谓语,用于对主句中的主语进行解释或说明。
  • 其他引导词:除了that外,表语从句还可以使用其他连接词,如whether、what、where、how等,根据句子需要选择合适的引导词。
  • “to do”结构:虽然“to do”结构不是从句,但它经常在句子中充当表语,表示主语的目的、打算或计划等。例如:“My dream is to become a teacher”。

2.5 同位语从句

同位语从句,顾名思义,在句子中充当同位语成分的从句。它通常位于名词之后,用以解释说明该名词的具体内容,并由连接词引导,其结构与一个完整的句子相同,只是它没有独立的谓语。

同位语从句的常见句型

  • 名词 + 连接词 + 同位语从句

    • 例如:The news that he won the lottery surprised everyone.
    • 解释:在这个句型中,“The news”是名词,“that he won the lottery”是同位语从句,用于解释说明“The news”的具体内容。
  • 名词短语 + 连接词 + 同位语从句

    • 例如:The fact that he is honest is well-known.
    • 解释:在这个句型中,“The fact”是名词短语,“that he is honest”是同位语从句,用于解释说明“The fact”的具体内容。
  • 代词(如idea, belief, suggestion等) + 连接词 + 同位语从句

    • 例如:I have no idea whether he will come.
    • 解释:在这个句型中,“I have no idea”中的“idea”是代词,“whether he will come”是同位语从句,用于补充说明“idea”的具体内容。

同位语从句的例句

  • The news that he won the lottery surprised everyone.
  • The fact that he is honest is well-known.
  • The question of how he accomplished such a feat remains unanswered.
  • My belief that hard work pays off has always been true.
  • She expressed her concern that the project might fail.

同位语从句的常见错误

  • 缺少连接词

    • 错误示例:The news he won the lottery surprised everyone.
    • 正确写法:The news that he won the lottery surprised everyone.
    • 解释:在同位语从句中,连接词是必需的,用以连接主句和从句,使句子结构完整。
  • 语序错误

    • 错误示例:The news is he won the lottery surprised everyone.
    • 正确写法:The news that he won the lottery surprised everyone.
    • 解释:同位语从句应保持陈述句的语序,即主语+谓语+其他成分,而不是其他语序。
  • 混淆同位语从句和定语从句

    • 错误示例:The book which you read is interesting. (这是定语从句)
    • 解释:此句是定语从句,不是同位语从句。同位语从句解释说明前面的名词内容,而定语从句则限定或修饰前面的名词。

额外说明

  • 同位语从句的完整性:同位语从句是一个完整的句子,有自己的主语和谓语,但在复合句中作为一个整体来补充说明前面的名词或名词短语。
  • 连接词的选择:同位语从句的连接词选择取决于从句的具体内容和语境,如 that 用于引导表示事实的同位语从句,而 whether 用于引导表示疑问的同位语从句。
  • “It”作形式主语与同位语从句的区别:虽然有时“It”可以作形式主语来平衡句子结构,但同位语从句与“It”作形式主语的句子结构不同。同位语从句直接跟在所解释的名词之后,而“It”作形式主语的句子中,“It”后面通常有“is/was”等 be动词,并跟随一个that引导的同位语从句。

3. 定语从句

定语从句,顾名思义,在句子中起着形容词的作用,修饰名词或代词。它通常位于被修饰词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导,并在从句中充当一定的成分。

3.1 定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

  • 限制性定语从句: 限制先行词的范围,是先行词不可缺少的组成部分,没有逗号隔开。
  • 非限制性定语从句: 对先行词起补充说明作用,是先行词的附加成分,用逗号隔开。

3.2 定语从句的构成

定语从句由关系词引导,关系词通常有以下几种:

  • 关系代词: who, whom, whose, which, that
  • 关系副词: when, where, why

关系代词和关系副词在句中充当不同的成分:

  • 关系代词: 在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。
  • 关系副词: 在定语从句中充当状语,分别指时间、地点和原因。

3.3 关系代词和关系副词的选择

  • that: 可以指人或物,可以用在限制性定语从句中,但不能用在非限制性定语从句中。
  • which: 可以指物,可以用在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中。
  • who: 只指人,作主语。
  • whom: 只指人,作宾语。但在非正式语体中,whom 可以省略,用 who 代替。
  • whose: 指人或物,表示所属关系。
  • when: 指时间,在定语从句中充当时间状语。
  • where: 指地点,在定语从句中充当地点状语。
  • why: 指原因,在定语从句中充当原因状语。

3.4 定语从句的省略规则

  • 关系代词作宾语时的省略

    • 当关系代词(如 who, whom, which, that)在定语从句中用作动词的宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时,可以省略。
    • 例如:
      • 完整句:Is there anything which you wanted?
      • 省略句:Is there anything you wanted?
      • 这里 “which” 作 “wanted” 的宾语,可以省略。
  • 关系代词作表语时的省略:

    • 当关系代词 that 在定语从句中用作表语时,可以省略。
    • 例如:
      • 完整句:China is not the country that it was.
      • 省略句:China is not the country it was.
      • 这里 “that” 作 “it” 的表语,可以省略。
  • 关系副词的省略:

    • 关系副词 when, where, why 通常不能省略,但当它们用于特定词语后时可以省略。
    • 例如:
      • when
        • 完整句:That was the year when I first went abroad.
        • 省略句:That was the year I first went abroad.
        • 这里 “when” 用于 “year” 后,可以省略。
      • where
        • 完整句:This is the place where they met yesterday.
        • 省略句:This is the place they met yesterday.
        • 这里 “where” 用于 “place” 后,可以省略。
      • why
        • 完整句:This is the reason why I did that.
        • 省略句:This is the reason I did that.
        • 这里 “why” 用于 “reason” 后,可以省略。
  • 主谓的省略

    • 在特定情况下,如果定语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,且从句的谓语是 be动词,那么可以省略从句的主语和 be动词。
    • 例如:
      • 完整句:The car that is parked outside is mine.
      • 省略句:The car parked outside is mine.
      • 这里 “that is” 可以省略,因为 “that” 指代的是 “car”,且 “is” 是 be动词。

3.5 定语从句的例句

限制性定语从句:

  • The girl who is standing there is my sister. (关系代词 who 作主语)

  • I know the man whose car is parked here. (关系代词 whose 作定语)

  • The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. (关系代词 that 作宾语,可以省略)

  • This is the place where I was born. (关系副词 where 作地点状语)

  • I don’t know the reason why he left. (关系副词 why 作原因状语)

  • The day when we met will be remembered forever. (关系副词 when 作时间状语)

非限制性定语从句:

  • The house, which is on the hill, is very beautiful. (关系代词 which 作主语,指代“the house”)

  • Tom, who is a good student, always gets good grades. (关系代词 who 作主语,指代“Tom”)

  • The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting. (关系代词 which 作宾语,指代“the book”)

3.6 定语从句的常见错误

  • 误用关系代词或关系副词

    • 错误示例:The man who car is parked here is my father.
    • 正确写法:The man whose car is parked here is my father.
    • 解释:应该使用whose来指代“the man”的所有格,而不是who
  • 关系代词冗余

    • 错误示例:The book which I am reading it is very interesting.
    • 正确写法:The book which I am reading is very interesting. (或 The book that I am reading is very interesting.)
    • 解释:在定语从句中,如果关系代词(如whichthat)作宾语,后面的动词不应有额外的宾语(如it),因为关系代词本身已经替代了先行词作为宾语。
  • 在非限制性定语从句中使用 that

    • 错误示例:The house, that is on the hill, is very beautiful.
    • 正确写法:The house, which is on the hill, is very beautiful.(或 The house on the hill is very beautiful.)
    • 在非限制性定语从句中,通常不使用 that 作为关系代词,而是使用 which 或者省略关系代词(如果从句较短)。
  • 关系代词或关系副词的位置错误

    • 错误示例:The car drives the person who I know.
    • 正确写法:The car that I know drives the person.
    • 解释:关系代词或关系副词应紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后,并引导定语从句。

4. 状语从句

状语从句,顾名思义,在句子中起着副词的作用,修饰句子中的动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较等。

4.1 状语从句的分类

根据其所表达的意义,状语从句可分为以下几种:

  • 时间状语从句: 表示时间,通常由引导词 when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as, once 等引导。
  • 地点状语从句: 表示地点,通常由引导词 where, wherever 引导。
  • 原因状语从句: 表示原因,通常由引导词 because, since, as, for 等引导。
  • 目的状语从句: 表示目的,通常由引导词 so that, in order that, for fear that, lest 等引导。
  • 结果状语从句: 表示结果,通常由引导词 so…that, such…that, so that 等引导。
  • 条件状语从句: 表示条件,通常由引导词 if, unless, as long as, in case 等引导。
  • 让步状语从句: 表示让步,通常由引导词 though, although, even though, even if, while, no matter how/what/where 等引导。
  • 比较状语从句: 表示比较,通常由引导词 than, as…as 等引导。

4.2 状语从句的引导词

连接词:

  • 时间状语从句: when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as, once 等
  • 地点状语从句: where, wherever
  • 原因状语从句: because, since, as, for 等
  • 目的状语从句: so that, in order that, for fear that, lest 等
  • 结果状语从句: so…that, such…that, so that 等
  • 条件状语从句: if, unless, as long as, in case 等
  • 让步状语从句: though, although, even though, even if, while, no matter how/what/where 等
  • 比较状语从句: than, as…as 等

连接词组:

  • as long as:只要
  • in case:万一
  • so that:以便
  • in order that:以便
  • no matter what/how/where:无论什么/怎样/哪里
  • even if:即使
  • even though:即使

4.3 状语从句的语序

一般情况下,状语从句放在主句之后。但如果要强调状语从句,也可以将其放在主句之前。

例句:

  • He went to bed early so that he could get up early the next morning.

  • So that he could get up early the next morning, he went to bed early.

4.4 状语从句的省略规则

  • 主语一致且谓语为be动词

    • 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致,并且从句的谓语是 be动词时,可以省略主语和 be动词。
    • 例如:
      • 完整句:Although he was tired, he continued to work.
      • 省略句:Although tired, he continued to work.
      • 这里的“he was”被省略,只保留了“tired”。
  • 主语是it且谓语为be动词

    • 如果状语从句的主语是 it,且谓语是 be动词,那么可以省略主语和 be动词。
    • 例如:
      • 完整句:If it is possible, he will go to the store.
      • 省略句:If possible, he will go to the store.
      • 在这里,“it is”被省略,只保留了“possible”。
  • 主语一致且谓语非be动词

    • 当从句的主语与主句的主语一致,但谓语不是 be动词时,通常只省略主语,而谓语变为相应的非限定动词形式(如V-ingV-ed)。
    • 例如:
      • 完整句:Although he knew the answer, he didn’t say anything.
      • 省略句:Although knowing the answer, he didn’t say anything.
      • 这里省略了“he”,并将“knew”变为“knowing”。

4.5 状语从句的常见句型

  • 主句 + 连接词 + 状语从句

    • 例如:He went to bed early so that he could get up early the next morning.
  • 状语从句 + 连接词 + 主句

    • 例如:Because it was raining, we stayed at home.

4.6 状语从句的例句

  • 时间状语从句:

    • When I saw her, I was surprised.
    • While I was reading, the phone rang.
    • Before you leave, please close the window.
    • After she finished her work, she went home.
    • Since I met you, my life has changed.
    • Until I see you again, I will miss you.
    • As soon as he arrived, the meeting began.
    • The moment I heard the news, I knew I had to act.
    • Once you’ve made up your mind, there’s no going back.
    • Ever since I was a child, I have dreamed of becoming a doctor.
  • 地点状语从句:

    • Where there is a will, there is a way.
    • Wherever you go, I will follow.
  • 原因状语从句:

    • Because I was tired, I went to bed early.
    • Since it’s raining, we’ll stay inside.
    • As the weather is so bad, we’ll have to postpone our trip.
    • For I was late, I missed the train.
    • Now that you’re here, let’s get started.
  • 目的状语从句:

    • He studied hard so that he could get good grades.
    • I bought a raincoat in order that I wouldn’t get wet.
    • He saved his money in case of emergencies.
    • She closed the door lest anyone should hear.
    • He spoke softly for fear that someone should hear.
  • 结果状语从句:

    • He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
    • It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go for a walk.
    • He worked so hard that he became very successful.
    • He studied hard so that he could get good grades.
  • 条件状语从句:

    • If you go to the party, you will have a great time.
    • Unless you work hard, you won’t succeed.
    • As long as you keep trying, you’ll eventually achieve your goals.
    • Provided that you pay on time, you can rent the apartment.
    • On condition that you promise to be careful, I’ll let you borrow the car.
    • In case you get lost, call me immediately.
  • 让步状语从句:

    • Although it was cold, she went for a walk.
    • Though he is young, he is very intelligent.
    • Even though she was tired, she continued to work.
    • Even if you don’t like it, you have to do it.
    • While I understand your point of view, I still disagree.
    • Whereas you like to stay in, I prefer going out.
    • No matter what you say, I won’t change my mind.
    • No matter how hard you try, you can’t succeed without effort.
    • No matter when you call, I’ll answer.
    • No matter where you go, you’ll always be in my thoughts.
  • 比较状语从句:

    • This book is more interesting than that one.
    • She is as beautiful as a flower.

4.6 状语从句的常见错误

  • 状语从句中从句结构不完整

    • 错误示例:Because rain, I didn’t go outside.

    • 正确写法:Because it was raining, I didn’t go outside.

    • 解释:从句“rain”缺少了必要的代词“it”和系动词“was”,导致从句结构不完整。状语从句必须是一个完整的句子,包含主语和谓语,以确保句子意思的明确性。

  • 从句与主句的逻辑关系混淆

    • 错误示例:Because he didn’t study, so he failed the exam.
    • 正确写法:Because he didn’t study, he failed the exam.
    • 解释:状语从句和主句之间应该存在明确的逻辑关系,如因果、条件等。在连接状语从句和主句时,要避免使用多余的连词,如 sothen 等,以免混淆逻辑关系。
  • 状语从句被错误地作为主语或宾语

    • 错误示例:I like when the sun rises.
    • 正确写法:I like when the sun rises in the morning.
    • 解释:状语从句不能作为句子的主语或宾语。当需要描述某个时间或条件时,应该使用正确的时间状语或条件状语结构。
  • 逗号使用错误

    • 错误示例:Although he is tired but he still works hard.
    • 正确写法:Although he is tired, he still works hard.
    • 解释:在状语从句中,逗号的使用要遵循语法规则。在连接两个并列的从句或句子时,要使用逗号加并列连词(如 andbut 等),而不是只使用逗号。
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