1)字典
创建
# 方式1:
dic = dict((('one', 1),('two', 2),('three', 3)))
# dic = dict([('one', 1),('two', 2),('three', 3)])
print(dic) # {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
# 方式2:
dic = dict(one=1,two=2,three=3)
print(dic) # {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
# 方式3:
dic = dict({'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3})
print(dic) # {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
# 方式5 zip
dic = dict(zip(['one', 'two', 'three'],[1, 2, 3]))
print(dic)
# 方式6: 字典推导式
# dic = { k: v for k,v in [('one', 1),('two', 2),('three', 3)]}
# print(dic)
# 方式7:利用fromkey
# dic = dict.fromkeys('abcd','太白')
# print(dic) # {'a': '太白', 'b': '太白', 'c': '太白', 'd': '太白'}
增
# 通过键值对直接增加
dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
dic['weight'] = 75 # 没有weight这个键,就增加键值对
print(dic) # {'name': '太白', 'age': 18, 'weight': 75}
dic['name'] = 'barry' # 有name这个键,就成了字典的改值
print(dic) # {'name': 'barry', 'age': 18, 'weight': 75}
# setdefault
dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
dic.setdefault('height',175) # 没有height此键,则添加
print(dic) # {'name': '太白', 'age': 18, 'height': 175}
dic.setdefault('name','barry') # 有此键则不变
print(dic) # {'name': '太白', 'age': 18, 'height': 175}
#它有返回值
dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
ret = dic.setdefault('name')
print(ret) # 太白
删
# pop 通过key删除字典的键值对,有返回值,可设置返回值。
dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
# ret = dic.pop('name')
# print(ret,dic) # 太白 {'age': 18}
ret1 = dic.pop('n',None)
print(ret1,dic) # None {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
#popitem 3.5版本之前,popitem为随机删除,3.6之后为删除最后一个,有返回值
dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
ret = dic.popitem()
print(ret,dic) # ('age', 18) {'name': '太白'}
#clear 清空字典
dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
dic.clear()
print(dic) # {}
# del
# 通过键删除键值对
dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
del dic['name']
print(dic) # {'age': 18}
#删除整个字典
del dic
改
# 通过键值对直接改
dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
dic['name'] = 'barry'
print(dic) # {'name': 'barry', 'age': 18}
# update
dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
dic.update(sex='男', height=175)
print(dic) # {'name': '太白', 'age': 18, 'sex': '男', 'height': 175}
dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
dic.update([(1, 'a'),(2, 'b'),(3, 'c'),(4, 'd')])
print(dic) # {'name': '太白', 'age': 18, 1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c', 4: 'd'}
dic1 = {"name":"jin","age":18,"sex":"male"}
dic2 = {"name":"alex","weight":75}
dic1.update(dic2)
print(dic1) # {'name': 'alex', 'age': 18, 'sex': 'male', 'weight': 75}
print(dic2) # {'name': 'alex', 'weight': 75}
查
# 通过键查询
# 直接dic[key](没有此键会报错)
dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
print(dic['name']) # 太白
# get
dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
v = dic.get('name')
print(v) # '太白'
v = dic.get('name1')
print(v) # None
v = dic.get('name2','没有此键')
print(v) # 没有此键
keys()
dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
print(dic.keys()) # dict_keys(['name', 'age'])
values()
dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
print(dic.values()) # dict_values(['太白', 18])
items()
dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18}
print(dic.items()) # dict_items([('name', '太白'), ('age', 18)])
2)元组
操作和列表类似,但是元组不能修改(不过多叙述)
创建
tuple1 = ()
tuple1 = 1,
tuple1 = 1,2,3
tuple1 = tuple([1,2,3,4]) #序列->元组
print tuple1
3)集合
创建
set1 = set({1,2,'barry'})
set2 = {1,2,'barry'}
print(set1,set2) # {1, 2, 'barry'} {1, 2, 'barry'}
增
set1 = {'alex','wusir','ritian','egon','barry'}
set1.add('景女神')
print(set1)
#update:迭代着增加
set1.update('A')
print(set1)
set1.update('老师')
print(set1)
set1.update([1,2,3])
print(set1)
删
set1 = {'alex','wusir','ritian','egon','barry'}
set1.remove('alex') # 删除一个元素
print(set1)
set1.pop() # 随机删除一个元素
print(set1)
set1.clear() # 清空集合
print(set1)
del set1 # 删除集合
print(set1)
其他操作
1 交集。(& 或者 intersection)
set1 = {1,2,3,4,5}
set2 = {4,5,6,7,8}
print(set1 & set2) # {4, 5}
print(set1.intersection(set2)) # {4, 5}
2 并集。(| 或者 union)
set1 = {1,2,3,4,5}
set2 = {4,5,6,7,8}
print(set1 | set2) # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8}
print(set2.union(set1)) # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8}
3 差集。(- 或者 difference)
set1 = {1,2,3,4,5}
set2 = {4,5,6,7,8}
print(set1 - set2) # {1, 2, 3}
print(set1.difference(set2)) # {1, 2, 3}
4反交集。 (^ 或者 symmetric_difference)
set1 = {1,2,3,4,5}
set2 = {4,5,6,7,8}
print(set1 ^ set2) # {1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8}
print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2)) # {1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8}
5子集与超集
set1 = {1,2,3}
set2 = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
print(set1 < set2)
print(set1.issubset(set2)) # 这两个相同,都是说明set1是set2子集。
print(set2 > set1)
print(set2.issuperset(set1)) # 这两个相同,都是说明set2是set1超集。