再普及一次HTML5基础，HTML5必须知道的那些事，HTML5扫盲。下一代Web开发的新特征...-CSDN博客

新的选择器

通过 class 定位元素 (DOM API)

var el = document.getElementById('section1');
el.focus();

var els = document.getElementsByTagName('div');
els[0].focus();

var els = document.getElementsByClassName('section');
els[0].focus();

通过类似 css 选择器的语法定位元素 (Selectors API)

var els = document.querySelectorAll("ul li:nth-child(odd)");
var els = document.querySelectorAll("table.test > tr > td");

本地储存 - Web Storage

// use localStorage for persistent storage
// use sessionStorage for per tab storage
textarea.addEventListener('keyup', function () {
  window.localStorage['value'] = area.value;
  window.localStorage['timestamp'] = (new Date()).getTime();
}, false);
textarea.value = window.localStorage['value'];

本地数据库 - Web SQL Database

var db = window.openDatabase("Database Name", "Database Version");
db.transaction(function(tx) {
  tx.executeSql("SELECT * FROM test", [], successCallback, errorCallback);
});

Chrome中查看生成的数据库: 开发人员 > 开发人员工具 > Storage

文件缓存 - Application Cache API

<html manifest="cache-manifest">
window.applicationCache.addEventListener('checking', updateCacheStatus, false);

CACHE MANIFEST

# version 1

CACHE:
/html5/src/refresh.png
/html5/src/logic.js
/html5/src/style.css
/html5/src/background.png

让程序在后台运行 - Web Workers

main.js:
var worker = new Worker(‘extra_work.js');
  worker.onmessage = function (event) { alert(event.data); }; 

extra_work.js:
  // do some work; when done post message.
  postMessage(some_data);

双向信息传输 - Web Sockets

var socket = new WebSocket(location);
socket.onopen = function(event) {
  socket.postMessage(“Hello, WebSocket”);
}
socket.onmessage = function(event) { alert(event.data); }
socket.onclose = function(event) { alert(“closed”); }

桌面提醒 - Notifications

if (window.webkitNotifications.checkPermission() == 0) {
// you can pass any url as a parameter
  window.webkitNotifications.createNotification(tweet.picture, tweet.title, 
      tweet.text).show(); 
} else {
  window.webkitNotifications.requestPermission();
}

拖放操作 - Drag and drop

document.addEventListener('dragstart', function(event) {
   event.dataTransfer.setData('text', 'Customized text');
   event.dataTransfer.effectAllowed = 'copy';
}, false);

地理位置 - Geolocation

if (navigator.geolocation) {
  navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(function(position) {
var lat = position.coords.latitude;
var lng = position.coords.longitude;
    map.setCenter(new GLatLng(lat, lng), 13);
    map.addOverlay(new GMarker(new GLatLng(lat, lng)));    
  });
}

HTML新的语义标签

<body>
<header>
<hgroup>
<h1>Page title</h1>
<h2>Page subtitle</h2>
</hgroup>
</header>

<nav>
<ul>
     Navigation...
</ul>
</nav>

 <section>
   <article>
     <header>
<h1>Title</h1>
</header>
<section>
       Content...
</section>
</article>

<article>
<header>
<h1>Title</h1>
</header>
<section>
       Content...
</section>
</article>

<article>
<header>
<h1>Title</h1>
</header>
<section>
       Content...
</section>
</article>
</section>

<aside>
   Top links...
</aside>

 <footer>
   Copyright © 2009.
</footer>
</body>

新的链接关系

<link rel='alternate' type="application/rss+xml" href="http://myblog.com/feed" />
<link rel='icon' href="/favicon.ico" />
<link rel='pingback' href="http://myblog.com/xmlrpc.php">
<link rel='prefetch' href="http://myblog.com/main.php">
...

<a rel='archives' href="http://myblog.com/archives">old posts</a>
<a rel='external' href="http://notmysite.com">tutorial</a>
<a rel='license' href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">license</a>
<a rel='nofollow' href="http://notmysite.com/sample">wannabe</a>
<a rel='tag' href="http://myblog.com/category/games">games posts</a>
...

微数据 - Microdata

<div itemscope itemtype="http://example.org/band">
<p>My name is <span itemprop='name'>Neil</span>.</p>
<p>My band is called <span itemprop='band'>Four Parts Water</span>.</p>
<p>I am <span itemprop='nationality'>British</span>.</p>
</div>

无障碍富互联网应用程序属性 - ARIA attributes

<ul id="tree1"
      role="tree" 
      tabindex="0" 
      aria-labelledby="label_1"
> 
<li role="treeitem" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="true">Fruits</li> 
<li role="group"> 
<ul> 
<li role="treeitem" tabindex="-1">Oranges</li> 
<li role="treeitem" tabindex="-1">Pineapples</li>
      ...
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

新的表单元素类型

增强已有元素

UI方面:

<input type='range' min='0' max='50' value='0' /> 
<input results='10' type='search' /> 
<input type='text' placeholder='Search inside' /> 

输入检查:(不符合条件的将显示红色背景)

<style> :invalid { background-color: red; } </style>
<input type='color' /> 
<input type='number' /> 
<input type='email' /> 
<input type='tel' /> 
etc...

新增的元素

<meter>
<progress>
<output>
etc...

音频 + 视频 - Audio + Video

<audio src="sound.mp3" controls></audio>
document.getElementById("audio").muted=false;

<video src='movie.mp4' autoplay controls ></video>
document.getElementById("video").play();

图形绘制 - Canvas

<canvas id="canvas" width="838" height="220"></canvas>

<script>
var canvasContext = document.getElementById("canvas").getContext("2d");
  canvasContext.fillRect(250, 25, 150, 100);

  canvasContext.beginPath();
  canvasContext.arc(450, 110, 100, Math.PI * 1/2, Math.PI * 3/2);
  canvasContext.lineWidth = 15;
  canvasContext.lineCap = 'round';
  canvasContext.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255, 127, 0, 0.5)';
  canvasContext.stroke();
</script>

Canvas 3D (WebGL)

<canvas id="canvas" width="838" height="220"></canvas>

<script>
var gl = document.getElementById("canvas").getContext("experimental-webgl");
  gl.viewport(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
  ...
</script>

HTML5中的SVG

<html>
<svg>
<circle id="myCircle" class="important" cx="50%" cy="50%" r="100" 
        fill="url(#myGradient)"
        onmousedown="alert('hello');"/>
</svg>
</html>

CSS 选择器

奇/偶选择

.row:nth-child(even) {
  background: #dde;
}
.row:nth-child(odd) {
  background: white;
}

Image-like display

div {
  display: inline-block;
}

通过属性选择

input[type="text"] {
  background: #eee;
}

反选

:not(.box) {
  color: #00c; 
}            
:not(span) {
  display: block; 
}

以及一些其它的选择方法

h2:first-child { ... }

div.text > div { ... } 
h2 + header { ... }

显示本地没有的字体

@font-face { 
  font-family: 'Junction'; 
  src: url(Junction02.otf); 
}
@font-face { 
  font-family: 'LeagueGothic'; 
  src: url(LeagueGothic.otf); 
}
@font-face { 
  font-family: 'GG250'; 
  src: url(General250.otf); 
}

header {
  font-family: 'LeagueGothic';
}

文本溢出处理

div {
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

分栏显示

-webkit-column-count: 2;  
-webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #bbb;
-webkit-column-gap: 2em;

文本描边

div {
  -webkit-text-fill-color: black;
  -webkit-text-stroke-color: red;
  -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.00px;  
}

透明效果

color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.75);  
background: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.75);

HSL(色相/饱和度/亮度)色彩模式

color: hsla(
  128,  
  75%,  
  33%,  
  1.00);

圆角效果

border-radius: 0px;

渐变效果

background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#00abeb), to(white), color-stop(0.5, white), color-stop(0.5, #66cc00))

background: -webkit-gradient(radial, 430 50, 0, 430 50, 200, from(red), to(#000))

阴影效果

text-shadow: rgba(64, 64, 64, 0.5) 0px 0px 0px;
box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 128, 0.25) 3px 0px 0px;

制作一个LOGO，只需拖动滑动条

text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0 0px 0px;  

background: 
  -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(200, 200, 240, 0)), to(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0))); 

border-radius: 0px;  

-webkit-box-reflect: below 10px
  -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(transparent), to(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)));

更强大的背景

背景的尺寸

#logo {
  background: url(logo.gif) center center no-repeat;
  background-size: 
;
}

多个背景

div {
  background: url(src/zippy-plus.png) 10px center no-repeat, 
              url(src/gray_lines_bg.png) 10px center repeat-x;
}

变换 - Transitions

#box.left {
  margin-left: 0;
}
#box.right {
  margin-left: 1000px;
}

document.getElementById('box').className = 'left'; 
document.getElementById('box').className = 'right';

#box {
  -webkit-transition: margin-left 1s ease-in-out;
}  

document.getElementById('box').className = 'left'; 
document.getElementById('box').className = 'right';

变换 - Transforms

-webkit-transform: rotateY(45deg);            
-webkit-transform: scaleX(25deg);            
-webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 90deg);            
-webkit-transform: perspective(500px)

#threed-example {
  -webkit-transform: rotateZ(5deg);

  -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 2s ease-in-out;
}
#threed-example:hover {
  -webkit-transform: rotateZ(-5deg);
}

动画效果

@-webkit-keyframes pulse {
 from {
   opacity: 0.0;
   font-size: 100%;
}
 to {
   opacity: 1.0;
   font-size: 200%;
}
}

div {
  -webkit-animation-name: pulse;
  -webkit-animation-duration: 2s;
  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
  -webkit-animation-timing-function: ease-in-out;
  -webkit-animation-direction: alternate;
}