Java 反射 - 利用反射分析类的能力

Java 反射 - 利用反射分析类的能力

在 java.lang.reflect 包中有三个类: Field, Method, Constructor,

分别用于描述类的字段, 方法和构造器.

三个类都有 getName() 方法, 用来返回字段, 方法和构造器的名称.

• Field 类有一个 getType 方法

java.lang.reflect.Field

public Class<?> getType(); // 返回描述字段类型的一个对象

• Method 类和 Constructor 类都有报告参数类型的方法.

• Method 类还有一个报告返回类型的方法.

• 这三个类都有一个名为 getModifiers 方法, 他将返回一个整数, 用 0/1 位描述所使用的修饰符.

  • 可以用 Modifier 类的静态方法分析 getModifier 方法返回的整数.

    • Modifier.isPublic
    • Modifier.isPrivate
    • Modifier.isFinal
    • Modifier.toString

• Class 类中的 getFields, getMethods, getConstructors 方法将分别返回这个类支持的公共字段, 方法, 和构造器的数组, 其中包括超类的公共成员.

• Class 类中的 getDeclareFields, getDeclareMethods, getDeclareConstructor 方法将会返回类中声明的全部字段, 方法, 和构造器的数组. 其中包括私有成员, 受保护成员, 但是不包括超类的成员.

API

java.lang.Class

Field[] getFields();
Field[] getDeclaredFields();

Method[] getMethods();
Method[] getDeclaredMethods();

Constructor[] getConstructors();
Constructor[] getDeclaredConstructors();

String getPackageName();

java.lang.reflect.Field

java.lang.reflect.Method

Java.lang.reflect.Constructor

Class getDeclaringClass();
Class[] getExceptionTypes();
int getModifiers();
String getName();
Class[] getParameterTypes(); // (Constructor 和 Method 类中)
Class getReturnType(); // (在 Method 类中);

java.lang.reflect.Modifier

static String toString(int modifiers);
static boolean isAbstract(int modifiers);
static boolean isFinal(int modifiers);
static boolean isInterface(int modifiers);
static boolean isNative(int modifiers);
static boolean isPrivate(int modifiers);
static boolean isProtected(int modifiers);
static boolean isPublic(int modifiers);
static boolean isStatic(int modifiers);
static boolean isStrict(int modifiers);;
static boolean isSynchronized(int modifiers);
static boolean isVolatile(int modifiers);

使用实例

package july14;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReflectionTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
        String name;
        if (args.length > 0)
            name = args[0];
        else {
            var in = new Scanner(System.in);
            System.out.println("Enter class name (e.g. java.util.Date): ");
            name = in.next();
        }

        Class cl = Class.forName(name);
        Class superCl = cl.getSuperclass();
        String modifiers = Modifier.toString(cl.getModifiers());
        if (modifiers.length() > 0)
            System.out.print(modifiers+" ");
        System.out.print("class "+name);
        if (superCl!=null && superCl != Object.class)
            System.out.print("extends "+superCl.getName());
        System.out.print(" {\n");
        printConstructors(cl);
        System.out.println();
        printMethods(cl);
        System.out.println();
        printFields(cl);
        System.out.println("}");
    }

    private static void printMethods(Class cl) {
        Method[] methods = cl.getMethods();
        for (Method method : methods) {
            Class retType = method.getReturnType();
            String name = method.getName();

            System.out.print("    ");
            String modifiers = Modifier.toString(method.getModifiers());
            if (modifiers.length()>0)
                System.out.print(modifiers+" ");
            System.out.print(retType.getName()+" "+name+"(");

            Class[] paramTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
            for (int j=0; j<paramTypes.length; j++) {
                if (j>0) System.out.print(", ");
                System.out.print(paramTypes[j].getName());
            }
            System.out.println(");");
        }
    }

    private static void printFields(Class cl) {
        Field[] fields = cl.getFields();
        for (Field f : fields) {
            Class type = f.getType();
            String name = f.getName();
            System.out.print("    ");
            String modifiers = Modifier.toString(f.getModifiers());
            if (modifiers.length()>0) System.out.print(modifiers+" ");
            System.out.println(type.getName()+" "+name+";");
        }
    }

    private static void printConstructors(Class cl) {
        Constructor[] constructors = cl.getConstructors();
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
            String name = cl.getName();
            System.out.print("    ");
            String modifiers = Modifier.toString(cl.getModifiers());
            if (modifiers.length()>0)
                System.out.print(modifiers+" ");
            System.out.print(name+"(");

            Class[] paramTypes = constructor.getParameterTypes();
            for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.length; i++) {
                if (i>0)
                    System.out.print(", ");
                System.out.print(paramTypes[i].getName());
            }
            System.out.println(");");
        }
    }
}

输入 java.lang.Double

打印输出:

public final class java.lang.Doubleextends java.lang.Number {
    public final java.lang.Double(double);
    public final java.lang.Double(java.lang.String);

    public boolean equals(java.lang.Object);
    public static java.lang.String toString(double);
    public java.lang.String toString();
    public int hashCode();
    public static int hashCode(double);
    public static double min(double, double);
    public static double max(double, double);
    public static native long doubleToRawLongBits(double);
    public static long doubleToLongBits(double);
    public static native double longBitsToDouble(long);
    public volatile int compareTo(java.lang.Object);
    public int compareTo(java.lang.Double);
    public byte byteValue();
    public short shortValue();
    public int intValue();
    public long longValue();
    public float floatValue();
    public double doubleValue();
    public static java.lang.Double valueOf(java.lang.String);
    public static java.lang.Double valueOf(double);
    public static java.lang.String toHexString(double);
    public static int compare(double, double);
    public static boolean isNaN(double);
    public boolean isNaN();
    public static boolean isInfinite(double);
    public boolean isInfinite();
    public static boolean isFinite(double);
    public static double sum(double, double);
    public static double parseDouble(java.lang.String);
    public final native void wait(long);
    public final void wait(long, int);
    public final void wait();
    public final native java.lang.Class getClass();
    public final native void notify();
    public final native void notifyAll();

    public static final double POSITIVE_INFINITY;
    public static final double NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
    public static final double NaN;
    public static final double MAX_VALUE;
    public static final double MIN_NORMAL;
    public static final double MIN_VALUE;
    public static final int MAX_EXPONENT;
    public static final int MIN_EXPONENT;
    public static final int SIZE;
    public static final int BYTES;
    public static final java.lang.Class TYPE;
}