linux 网络相关的几个命令

查看网卡的状态：

# ip link

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:fe:2a:d0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

# ethtool eth0

Settings for eth0:

    Supported ports: [ TP ]

    Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full

                            100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full

                            1000baseT/Full

    Supported pause frame use: No

    Supports auto-negotiation: Yes

    Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full

                            100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full

                            1000baseT/Full

    Advertised pause frame use: No

    Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes    自动协商

    Speed: 1000Mb/s     千兆、全双工

    Duplex: Full

    Port: Twisted Pair

    PHYAD: 0

    Transceiver: internal

    Auto-negotiation: on

    MDI-X: Unknown

    Supports Wake-on: d

    Wake-on: d

    Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)

                   drv probe link

    Link detected: yes     链路正常

查看单块网卡的状态：

# ip link show eth0

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:fe:2a:d0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

查看IP地址：

# ip addr

#ip addr show eth#

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

    inet6 ::1/128 scope host

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:fe:2a:d0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.1.110/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0

    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fefe:2ad0/64 scope link

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

物理开启网卡：ifup eth#

物理关闭网卡：ifdown eth#

UNIX网络的配置方法：

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth#

System-config-network    通过命令吊起图形界面来配置网络

System-config-network-tui

Service network start/stop/restart

查看路由：

# ip route

192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.110  metric 1

default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0  proto static

# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface

192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     1      0        0 eth0

0.0.0.0         192.168.1.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0

/etc/resolv.conf       DNS的配置

/etc/resolv.conf  中的domain example.com|search example.com是DNS后缀

Hostname查看主机名  demo.example.com

修改主机名：/etc/sysconfig/network 文件中修改。

/etc/hosts 需要能正常解析 demo.example.com

/etc/init.d/NetworkManager stop  关闭桌面上的网络连接服务

Chkconfig NetworkManager off     永久关闭桌面网络服务，开机也不启动

Cat /etc/sysconfig/network

 

# cat /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes  如果设置为no，服务器的全部网络被关闭

HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain

GATEWAY=192.168.1.1   优先使用网卡上的网关，如果没有，网关的总开关

IP地址文件的标准配置：

# cat ifcfg*0

DEVICE="eth0"

BOOTPROTO="none"

HWADDR="00:0C:29:FE:2A:D0"

IPADDR="192.168.1.200"

NETMASK="255.255.255.0"

GATEWAY="192.168.1.1"

DNS1="192.168.1.1"

IPV6INIT="no"

NM_CONTROLLED="no"  使用no表示该配置文件不受NetworkManager服务所管理和控制

ONBOOT="yes"

TYPE="Ethernet"

USERCTL="no"

UUID="921cd1d6-a331-42d1-bf2e-ddac0c5fed21"

 

Netstat:从内部监测网络状况 netstat –lntup|-antup