erroLog about OS, Script and program languages

I) OS as Linux summaries or erroLogs

1.1) difference between cd /usr/bin, || and cd /usr, cd /bin

1.1.1) if we are at / directory, we need to enter to /usr/bin, then we should chenge route one time

• sample one:

[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# pwd
/root
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# cd /
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z /]# pwd
/
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z /]# ls -l
total 64
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Feb  9  2022 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.   5 root root  4096 Dec 19 12:08 boot
drwxr-xr-x   17 root root  3000 Jan 12 10:17 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 102 root root 12288 Jan 12 10:17 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 Feb  9  2022 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Feb  9  2022 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     9 Feb  9  2022 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.   2 root root 16384 Oct 11 11:31 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 Feb  9  2022 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 Feb  9  2022 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root  4096 Dec 21 14:14 opt
dr-xr-xr-x  198 root root     0 Jan 12 10:17 proc
dr-xr-x---.  11 root root  4096 Jan 12 14:49 root
drwxr-xr-x   31 root root   940 Jan 12 10:17 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     8 Feb  9  2022 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 Feb  9  2022 srv
dr-xr-xr-x   13 root root     0 Jan 12 10:17 sys
drwxrwxrwt   11 root root   260 Jan 12 14:14 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  12 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:32 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  22 root root  4096 Dec 19 14:22 var
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z /]# cd /usr/bin
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z bin]# pwd
/usr/bin

1.1.2) if we change directory twice, one by one, then we will jump back to the first bin directory.

• sample two:

[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z bin]# cd /
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z /]# ll
total 64
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Feb  9  2022 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.   5 root root  4096 Dec 19 12:08 boot
drwxr-xr-x   17 root root  3000 Jan 12 10:17 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 102 root root 12288 Jan 12 10:17 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 Feb  9  2022 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Feb  9  2022 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     9 Feb  9  2022 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.   2 root root 16384 Oct 11 11:31 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 Feb  9  2022 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 Feb  9  2022 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root  4096 Dec 21 14:14 opt
dr-xr-xr-x  198 root root     0 Jan 12 10:17 proc
dr-xr-x---.  11 root root  4096 Jan 12 14:49 root
drwxr-xr-x   31 root root   940 Jan 12 10:17 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     8 Feb  9  2022 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 Feb  9  2022 srv
dr-xr-xr-x   13 root root     0 Jan 12 10:17 sys
drwxrwxrwt   11 root root   260 Jan 12 14:14 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  12 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:32 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  22 root root  4096 Dec 19 14:22 var
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z /]# cd usr
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z usr]# ll
total 128
dr-xr-xr-x.   2 root root 36864 Dec 22 14:48 bin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 Feb  9  2022 games
drwxr-xr-x.  54 root root  4096 Dec 22 14:48 include
dr-xr-xr-x.  35 root root  4096 Dec 22 14:48 lib
dr-xr-xr-x.  57 root root 36864 Dec 22 14:48 lib64
drwxr-xr-x.  29 root root  4096 Dec 21 14:20 libexec
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  4096 Dec 19 12:07 local
dr-xr-xr-x.   2 root root 20480 Dec 21 14:15 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 103 root root  4096 Dec 22 14:48 share
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root  4096 Dec 19 14:22 src
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    10 Feb  9  2022 tmp -> ../var/tmp
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z usr]# cd / bin
-bash: cd: too many arguments
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z usr]# cd /bin
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z bin]# pwd
/bin

1.2) 误写标点

user,逗号name 改为 user.顿号name
change user,name to user.name

ps: we should change from comma to dot

II) Mysql

2.1) sequence of SQL Operation: Start->log on -> operate Mysql

Welcome to Alibaba Cloud Elastic Compute Service !

Last login: Wed Jan 17 08:51:34 2024 from 47.96.60.217
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# sudo systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2024-01-17 08:51:47 CST; 11s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 18311 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 18266 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 18313 (mysqld)
    Tasks: 27 (limit: 11861)
   Memory: 205.3M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─18313 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Jan 17 08:51:46 iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jan 17 08:51:47 iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.44 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| RECOVER_YOUR_DATA  |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

2.2) before creation of table, we should use which database we need.

mysql> create table Users(
    ->     id int primary key auto_increment,
    ->     email varchar(255) not null unique,
    ->     bio text,
    ->     country varchar(2)
    ->  );
ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
mysql> use airbnb;
Database changed

2.3) Between : include the left value, yet not include the right value except the words with many letters

SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE CustomerName BETWEEN 'a' AND 'C';

CustomerID	CustomerName	ContactName	Address	City	PostalCode	Country
		1	Alfreds Futterkiste	Maria Anders	Obere Str. 57	Berlin	12209	Germany
		2	Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados	Ana Trujillo	Avda. de la Constitución 2222	México D.F.	05021	Mexico
		3	Antonio Moreno Taquería	Antonio Moreno	Mataderos 2312	México D.F.	05023	Mexico
		4	Around the Horn	Thomas Hardy	120 Hanover Sq.	London	WA1 1DP	UK
		5	Berglunds snabbköp	Christina Berglund	Berguvsvägen 8	Luleå	S-958 22	Sweden
		6	Blauer See Delikatessen	Hanna Moos	Forsterstr. 57	Mannheim	68306	Germany
		7	Blondel père et fils	Frédérique Citeaux	24, place Kléber	Strasbourg	67000	France
		8	Bólido Comidas preparadas	Martín Sommer	C/ Araquil, 67	Madrid	28023	Spain
		9	Bon app'	Laurence Lebihans	12, rue des Bouchers	Marseille	13008	France
		10	Bottom-Dollar Marketse	Elizabeth Lincoln	23 Tsawassen Blvd.	Tsawassen	T2F 8M4	Canada
		11	B's Beverages	Victoria Ashworth	Fauntleroy Circus	London	EC2 5NT	UK



SELECT * FROM Customers;

CustomerID	CustomerName	ContactName	Address	City	PostalCode	Country
		1	Alfreds Futterkiste	Maria Anders	Obere Str. 57	Berlin	12209	Germany
		2	Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados	Ana Trujillo	Avda. de la Constitución 2222	México D.F.	05021	Mexico
		3	Antonio Moreno Taquería	Antonio Moreno	Mataderos 2312	México D.F.	05023	Mexico
		4	Around the Horn	Thomas Hardy	120 Hanover Sq.	London	WA1 1DP	UK
		5	Berglunds snabbköp	Christina Berglund	Berguvsvägen 8	Luleå	S-958 22	Sweden
		6	Blauer See Delikatessen	Hanna Moos	Forsterstr. 57	Mannheim	68306	Germany
		7	Blondel père et fils	Frédérique Citeaux	24, place Kléber	Strasbourg	67000	France
		8	Bólido Comidas preparadas	Martín Sommer	C/ Araquil, 67	Madrid	28023	Spain
		9	Bon app'	Laurence Lebihans	12, rue des Bouchers	Marseille	13008	France
		10	Bottom-Dollar Marketse	Elizabeth Lincoln	23 Tsawassen Blvd.	Tsawassen	T2F 8M4	Canada
		11	B's Beverages	Victoria Ashworth	Fauntleroy Circus	London	EC2 5NT	UK


SELECT * FROM Products WHERE ProductName BETWEEN 'Geitost' AND 'Pavlova';

ProductID	ProductName	SupplierID	CategoryID	Unit	Price
				6	Grandma's Boysenberry Spread	3	2	12 - 8 oz jars	25.00
				8	Northwoods Cranberry Sauce	3	2	12 - 12 oz jars	40.00
				9	Mishi Kobe Niku	4	6	18 - 500 g pkgs.	97.00
				10	Ikura	4	8	12 - 200 ml jars	31.00
				13	Konbu	6	8	2 kg box	6.00
				15	Genen Shouyu	6	2	24 - 250 ml bottles	15.50
				16	Pavlova	7	3	32 - 500 g boxes	17.45
				22	Gustaf's Knäckebröd	9	5	24 - 500 g pkgs.	21.00
				24	Guaraná Fantástica	10	1	12 - 355 ml cans	4.50
				25	NuNuCa Nuß-Nougat-Creme	11	3	20 - 450 g glasses	14.00
				26	Gumbär Gummibärchen	11	3	100 - 250 g bags	31.23
				30	Nord-Ost Matjeshering	13	8	10 - 200 g glasses	25.89
				31	Gorgonzola Telino	14	4	12 - 100 g pkgs	12.50
				32	Mascarpone Fabioli	14	4	24 - 200 g pkgs.	32.00
				33	Geitost	15	4	500 g	2.50
				36	Inlagd Sill	17	8	24 - 250 g jars	19.00
				37	Gravad lax	17	8	12 - 500 g pkgs.	26.00
				41	Jack's New England Clam Chowder	19	8	12 - 12 oz cans	9.65
				43	Ipoh Coffee	20	1	16 - 500 g tins	46.00
				44	Gula Malacca	20	2	20 - 2 kg bags	19.45
				49	Maxilaku	23	3	24 - 50 g pkgs.	20.00
				51	Manjimup Dried Apples	24	7	50 - 300 g pkgs.	53.00
				55	Pâté chinois	25	6	24 boxes x 2 pies	24.00
				56	Gnocchi di nonna Alice	26	5	24 - 250 g pkgs.	38.00
				65	Louisiana Fiery Hot Pepper Sauce	2	2	32 - 8 oz bottles	21.05
				66	Louisiana Hot Spiced Okra	2	2	24 - 8 oz jars	17.00
				67	Laughing Lumberjack Lager	16	1	24 - 12 oz bottles	14.00
				69	Gudbrandsdalsost	15	4	10 kg pkg.	36.00
				70	Outback Lager	7	1	24 - 355 ml bottles	15.00
				72	Mozzarella di Giovanni	14	4	24 - 200 g pkgs.	34.80
				74	Longlife Tofu	4	7	5 kg pkg.	10.00
				76	Lakkalikööri	23	1	500 ml	18.00
				77	Original Frankfurter grüne Soße	12	2	12 boxes	13.00
				
				~~~