【Linux commands, ls -l, cd appointed route/path, mv, cp, rename】

I) URL resources

II) Records of Linux training

[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# pwd
/root
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# mkdir Dec21th2023_test1
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# ls -al
total 108
dr-xr-x---.  8 root root  4096 Dec 21 21:03 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 18 root root  4096 Dec 19 10:22 ..
-rw-------   1 root root 10720 Dec 21 20:42 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    18 May 18  2020 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   176 May 18  2020 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   176 May 18  2020 .bashrc
drwx------   3 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:49 .config
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   100 May 18  2020 .cshrc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Dec 21 21:03 Dec21th2023_test1
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Dec 19 19:52 folder_Dec19th2023
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017 mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
-rw-------   1 root root  6707 Dec 21 16:47 .mysql_history
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root  4096 Dec 21 14:23 PbootCMS
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:38 .pip
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   206 Dec 19 10:22 .pydistutils.cfg
drwx------   2 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:47 .ssh
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   129 May 18  2020 .tcshrc
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   168 Dec 19 16:22 .wget-hsts
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# ls -l
total 40
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Dec 21 21:03 Dec21th2023_test1
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Dec 19 19:52 folder_Dec19th2023
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017 mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 Dec 21 14:23 PbootCMS
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# cd Dec21th2023_test1/
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# pwd
/root/Dec21th2023_test1
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# touch Dec21th2023_a.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# ls -a
.  ..  Dec21th2023_a.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 21 21:06 Dec21th2023_a.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# vi Dec21th2023_a.txt 
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# ls -l
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39 Dec 21 21:09 Dec21th2023_a.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# vi Dec21th2023_b.txt 
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# ls -l
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39 Dec 21 21:09 Dec21th2023_a.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50 Dec 21 21:12 Dec21th2023_b.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# mv Dec21th2023_a.txt Dec21st2023_a.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# ls -l
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39 Dec 21 21:09 Dec21st2023_a.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50 Dec 21 21:12 Dec21th2023_b.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# mv Dec21st2023_b.txt Dec21st2023_b.txt
mv: cannot stat 'Dec21st2023_b.txt': No such file or directory
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# mv Dec21th2023_b.txt Dec21st2023_b.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# ls -l
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39 Dec 21 21:09 Dec21st2023_a.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50 Dec 21 21:12 Dec21st2023_b.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# copy Dec21st2023_a.txt Dec21st2023_a1.txt
-bash: copy: command not found
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# copy Dec21st2023_a.txt Dec21st2023_a1.txt && rm Dec21st2023_a.txt
-bash: copy: command not found
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# cp Dec21st2023_a.txt Dec21st2023_a1.txt && rm Dec21st2023_a.txt
rm: remove regular file 'Dec21st2023_a.txt'? y
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# ls -l
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39 Dec 21 21:27 Dec21st2023_a1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50 Dec 21 21:12 Dec21st2023_b.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# ren
rename            renew-dummy-cert  renice            
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# rename Dec21st2023_a1.txt Dec21st2023_a.txt
rename: not enough arguments
Try 'rename --help' for more information.
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# rename --help

Usage:
 rename [options] <expression> <replacement> <file>...

Rename files.

Options:
 -v, --verbose       explain what is being done
 -s, --symlink       act on the target of symlinks
 -n, --no-act        do not make any changes
 -o, --no-overwrite  don't overwrite existing files

 -h, --help          display this help
 -V, --version       display version

For more details see rename(1).
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# rename Dec21st2023_a1.txt Dec21st2023_a.txt Dec21st2023_a1.txt 
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# ls -l
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39 Dec 21 21:27 Dec21st2023_a.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50 Dec 21 21:12 Dec21st2023_b.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# 

II) CP comand in Linux : copy the contend of one file to the new-created file with new name

 26/12/2023   10:45.23   /home/mobaxterm/folder1_11242023  cat file11292023
compose some information & data in this file
                                                                                                                                                  ✓

  26/12/2023   10:45.35   /home/mobaxterm/folder1_11242023  cp file11292023 file11292023_Dec26th2023
                                                                                                                                                  ✓

  26/12/2023   10:46.32   /home/mobaxterm/folder1_11242023  cat file11292023
file11292023              file11292023_Dec26th2023

  26/12/2023   10:46.32   /home/mobaxterm/folder1_11242023  cat file11292023_Dec26th2023
compose some information & data in this file

III) how to rename files and folders under linux environment

[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# ls -al
total 244
dr-xr-x---.  9 root root  4096 Dec 30 08:41  .
dr-xr-xr-x. 18 root root  4096 Dec 19 10:22  ..
-rw-------   1 root root 25004 Dec 30 08:39  .bash_history
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    18 May 18  2020  .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   176 May 18  2020  .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   176 May 18  2020  .bashrc
drwx------   3 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:49  .config
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   100 May 18  2020  .cshrc
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root  4096 Dec 28 21:37  Dec21th2023_test1
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Dec 30 08:41  Dec30th2023
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Dec 19 19:52  folder_Dec19th2023
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.1
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.2
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.3
-rw-------   1 root root 28966 Dec 26 22:59  .mysql_history
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root  4096 Dec 21 14:23  PbootCMS
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:38  .pip
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   206 Dec 19 10:22  .pydistutils.cfg
drwx------   2 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:47  .ssh
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   129 May 18  2020  .tcshrc
-rw-r--r--   1 root root  1292 Dec 25 17:13 'udo systemctl start mysqld.service'
-rw-------   1 root root  1254 Dec 25 11:13  .viminfo
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   168 Dec 27 14:55  .wget-hsts
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# mv Dec30th2023/ Dec30th2023_a
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# ls -al
total 244
dr-xr-x---.  9 root root  4096 Dec 30 08:46  .
dr-xr-xr-x. 18 root root  4096 Dec 19 10:22  ..
-rw-------   1 root root 25004 Dec 30 08:39  .bash_history
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    18 May 18  2020  .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   176 May 18  2020  .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   176 May 18  2020  .bashrc
drwx------   3 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:49  .config
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   100 May 18  2020  .cshrc
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root  4096 Dec 28 21:37  Dec21th2023_test1
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Dec 30 08:41  Dec30th2023_a
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Dec 19 19:52  folder_Dec19th2023
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.1
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.2
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.3
-rw-------   1 root root 28966 Dec 26 22:59  .mysql_history
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root  4096 Dec 21 14:23  PbootCMS
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:38  .pip
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   206 Dec 19 10:22  .pydistutils.cfg
drwx------   2 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:47  .ssh
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   129 May 18  2020  .tcshrc
-rw-r--r--   1 root root  1292 Dec 25 17:13 'udo systemctl start mysqld.service'
-rw-------   1 root root  1254 Dec 25 11:13  .viminfo
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   168 Dec 27 14:55  .wget-hsts
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# cd Dec21th2023_test1/
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   39 Dec 21 21:27 Dec21st2023_a.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   50 Dec 21 21:12 Dec21st2023_b.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 27 15:07 Folder_Dec27th2023
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  372 Dec 28 21:37 happy_Birthday.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# rename Dec21st2023_a.txt Dec21st2023_a_Dec30th2023.txt
rename: not enough arguments
Try 'rename --help' for more information.
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# 
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   39 Dec 21 21:27 Dec21st2023_a.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   50 Dec 21 21:12 Dec21st2023_b.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 27 15:07 Folder_Dec27th2023
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  372 Dec 28 21:37 happy_Birthday.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# rename Dec21st2023_a.txt Dec21st2023_a_Dec30th2023_a.txt Dec21st2023_a.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Dec21th2023_test1]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   39 Dec 21 21:27 Dec21st2023_a_Dec30th2023_a.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   50 Dec 21 21:12 Dec21st2023_b.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 27 15:07 Folder_Dec27th2023
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  372 Dec 28 21:37 happy_Birthday.txt

3.1）how to create two parent folder and child folder at the same time

  30/12/2023   21:54.39   /home/mobaxterm  mkdir -p Folder_Dec30th2023_                    testa/test1
                                                                               ✓

  30/12/2023   21:55.18   /home/mobaxterm  ls -al
total 17
drwxrwx---    1 Administ UsersGrp         0 Dec 30 21:55 .
drwxrwx---    1 Administ UsersGrp         0 Dec 26 12:05 ..
-rw-------    1 Administ UsersGrp      6202 Dec 30 21:55 .bash_history
-rwx------    1 Administ UsersGrp      4715 Dec 26 10:45 .viminfo
lrwxrwxrwx    1 Administ UsersGrp        33 Nov 24 11:38 Desktop -> /drives/C/Us                    ers/ADMINI~1/Desktop/
drwxr-xr-x    1 Administ UsersGrp         0 Dec 30 21:55 Folder_Dec30th2023_test                    a
lrwxrwxrwx    1 Administ UsersGrp        19 Nov 24 11:38 LauncherFolder -> /driv                    es/D/MOBAXT~1/
lrwxrwxrwx    1 Administ UsersGrp        34 Nov 24 11:38 MyDocuments -> /drives/                    C/Users/ADMINI~1/DOCUME~1/
-rw-r--r--    1 Administ UsersGrp       138 Dec 26 10:17 fileDecFifth2023
-rw-r--r--    1 Administ UsersGrp       138 Dec 26 10:28 file_12052023_
drwxr-xr-x    1 Administ UsersGrp         0 Dec 26 10:46 folder1_11242023
                                                                               ✓

  30/12/2023   21:55.30   /home/mobaxterm  cd Folder_Dec30th2023_testa/
                                                                                                   ✓

  30/12/2023   21:55.50   /home/mobaxterm/Folder_Dec30th2023_testa  ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x    1 Administ UsersGrp         0 Dec 30 21:55 test1
                                                                                                   ✓

  30/12/2023   21:55.52   /home/mobaxterm/Folder_Dec30th2023_testa 

how to change folder name, and how to remove folder with files in

[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# mv Dec30th2023_a/ Folder_Dec30th2023_a
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# ll
total 164
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Dec 19 19:52  folder_Dec19th2023
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  4096 Dec 30 08:52  Folder_Dec21th2023_test1
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Dec 30 08:41  Folder_Dec30th2023_a
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.1
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.2
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.3
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.4
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 Dec 21 14:23  PbootCMS
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  4096 Jan  3 15:21  src
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  1292 Dec 25 17:13 'udo systemctl start mysqld.service'
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# mv folder_Dec19th2023/ Folder_Dec19th2023
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# ll
total 164
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Dec 19 19:52  Folder_Dec19th2023
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  4096 Dec 30 08:52  Folder_Dec21th2023_test1
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Dec 30 08:41  Folder_Dec30th2023_a
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.1
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.2
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.3
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.4
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 Dec 21 14:23  PbootCMS
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  4096 Jan  3 15:21  src
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  1292 Dec 25 17:13 'udo systemctl start mysqld.service'
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# cp Folder_Dec19th2023/ Folder_Dec21th2023_test1/
cp: -r not specified; omitting directory 'Folder_Dec19th2023/'
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# cp -r Folder_Dec19th2023/ Folder_Dec21th2023_test1/
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# ll
total 164
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Dec 19 19:52  Folder_Dec19th2023
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root  4096 Jan  3 17:09  Folder_Dec21th2023_test1
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Dec 30 08:41  Folder_Dec30th2023_a
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.1
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.2
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.3
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25548 Apr  7  2017  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.4
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 Dec 21 14:23  PbootCMS
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  4096 Jan  3 15:21  src
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  1292 Dec 25 17:13 'udo systemctl start mysqld.service'
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z ~]# cd Folder_Dec21th2023_test1/
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Folder_Dec21th2023_test1]# ll
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   39 Dec 21 21:27 Dec21st2023_a_Dec30th2023_a.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   50 Dec 21 21:12 Dec21st2023_b.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  3 17:09 Folder_Dec19th2023
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Dec 30 14:11 Folder_Dec27th2023
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  372 Dec 28 21:37 happy_Birthday.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Folder_Dec21th2023_test1]# rm Dol
rm: cannot remove 'Dol': No such file or directory
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Folder_Dec21th2023_test1]# rm Dol
rm: cannot remove 'Dol': No such file or directory
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Folder_Dec21th2023_test1]# cd Folder_Dec19th2023/
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Folder_Dec19th2023]# ll
total 0
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Folder_Dec19th2023]# touch 1.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Folder_Dec19th2023]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan  3 17:12 1.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Folder_Dec19th2023]# cd ..
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Folder_Dec21th2023_test1]# ll
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   39 Dec 21 21:27 Dec21st2023_a_Dec30th2023_a.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   50 Dec 21 21:12 Dec21st2023_b.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  3 17:12 Folder_Dec19th2023
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Dec 30 14:11 Folder_Dec27th2023
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  372 Dec 28 21:37 happy_Birthday.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Folder_Dec21th2023_test1]# rm Folder_Dec19th2023/
rm: cannot remove 'Folder_Dec19th2023/': Is a directory
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Folder_Dec21th2023_test1]# rm -r Folder_Dec19th2023/
rm: descend into directory 'Folder_Dec19th2023/'? y
rm: remove regular empty file 'Folder_Dec19th2023/1.txt'? y
rm: remove directory 'Folder_Dec19th2023/'? y
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Folder_Dec21th2023_test1]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   39 Dec 21 21:27 Dec21st2023_a_Dec30th2023_a.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   50 Dec 21 21:12 Dec21st2023_b.txt
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Dec 30 14:11 Folder_Dec27th2023
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  372 Dec 28 21:37 happy_Birthday.txt
[root@iZ2vc5lqzt23aweti4j777Z Folder_Dec21th2023_test1]#