系统无法连接到 CentOS 的镜像源

系统无法连接到 CentOS 的镜像源。CentOS 7 的官方支持已经结束，因此官方镜像源可能不再提供服务或已被移除。

[root@master ~]# yum install ntp
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=stock error was
14: curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; 未知的错误"


 One of the configured repositories failed (未知),
 and yum doesn't have enough cached data to continue. At this point the only
 safe thing yum can do is fail. There are a few ways to work "fix" this:

     1. Contact the upstream for the repository and get them to fix the problem.

     2. Reconfigure the baseurl/etc. for the repository, to point to a working
        upstream. This is most often useful if you are using a newer
        distribution release than is supported by the repository (and the
        packages for the previous distribution release still work).

     3. Run the command with the repository temporarily disabled
            yum --disablerepo=<repoid> ...

     4. Disable the repository permanently, so yum won't use it by default. Yum
        will then just ignore the repository until you permanently enable it
        again or use --enablerepo for temporary usage:

            yum-config-manager --disable <repoid>
        or
            subscription-manager repos --disable=<repoid>

     5. Configure the failing repository to be skipped, if it is unavailable.
        Note that yum will try to contact the repo. when it runs most commands,
        so will have to try and fail each time (and thus. yum will be be much
        slower). If it is a very temporary problem though, this is often a nice
        compromise:

            yum-config-manager --save --setopt=<repoid>.skip_if_unavailable=true

Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base/7/x86_64

CentOS 提供了一个名为 Vault 的存档库，可以继续提供旧版本的软件包。你可以通过编辑 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 文件来更改镜像源。

编辑 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 文件，将所有 [base] 和 [updates] 等部分的 mirrorlist 行注释掉（在行首添加 #），然后取消注释 baseurl 行，并将 URL 修改为指向 Vault。

例如：

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.9.2009/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.9.2009/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

保存文件后，刷新 YUM 缓存：

sudo yum clean all
sudo yum makecache

[root@master ~]# vim  /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@slave1 .ssh]# cat  /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.9.2009/os/$basearch/
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.9.2009/os/$basearch/

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.9.2009/os/$basearch/

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.9.2009/os/$basearch/

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[root@master ~]# sudo yum clean all
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
正在清理软件源： base extras updates
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@master ~]# sudo yum makecache
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Determining fastest mirrors
base                                                                                     | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                   | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                  | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
(1/12): base/x86_64/group_gz                                                             | 153 kB  00:00:01     
(2/12): base/x86_64/primary_db                                                           | 6.1 MB  00:00:24     
(3/12): base/x86_64/filelists_db                                                         | 7.2 MB  00:00:29     
(4/12): extras/x86_64/group_gz                                                           | 153 kB  00:00:00     
(5/12): base/x86_64/other_db                                                             | 2.6 MB  00:00:10     
(6/12): extras/x86_64/filelists_db                                                       | 7.2 MB  00:00:28     
(7/12): extras/x86_64/primary_db                                                         | 6.1 MB  00:00:24     
(8/12): updates/x86_64/group_gz                                                          | 153 kB  00:00:00     
(9/12): extras/x86_64/other_db                                                           | 2.6 MB  00:00:10     
(10/12): updates/x86_64/filelists_db                                                     | 7.2 MB  00:00:28     
(11/12): updates/x86_64/primary_db                                                       | 6.1 MB  00:00:24     
(12/12): updates/x86_64/other_db                                                         | 2.6 MB  00:00:10     
元数据缓存已建立
[root@master ~]# yum install ntp
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
软件包 ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理
[root@master ~]#