【Docker-04】Docker的常用命令

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已于 2022-04-19 22:15:10 修改

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分类专栏： docker 文章标签： docker 容器

于 2022-04-08 18:42:53 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Dawn____Dawn/article/details/124044722

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帮助命令

docker version  # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info     # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 万能命令

帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/
搜索镜像地址：https://hub.docker.com/
在这里插入图片描述

镜像命令

* docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY                  TAG               IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world                 latest            feb5d9fea6a5   6 months ago    13.3kB

# 解释
REPOSITORY  镜像的仓库源
TAG         镜像的标签
IMAGE ID    镜像的ID
CREATED     镜像的创建时间
SIZE        镜像的大小

# 可选项
  -a, --all             # 列出所有镜像
  -q, --quiet           # 只显示id

* docker search 搜索镜像

[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                            MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12373     [OK]       
mariadb                          MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4762      [OK]

# 可选项，通过搜索来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000   # 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的      
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12373     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4762      [OK]

* docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名:tag[:tag]
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest  # 如果不写tag（tag指定版本），默认就是latest（最新版本）
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
f003217c5aae: Pull complete # 分层下载，docker image的核心 联合文件系统
65d94f01a09f: Pull complete 
43d78aaa6078: Pull complete 
a0f91ffbdf69: Pull complete 
59ee9e07e12f: Pull complete 
04d82978082c: Pull complete 
70f46ebb971a: Pull complete 
db6ea71d471d: Pull complete 
c2920c795b25: Pull complete 
26c3bdf75ff5: Pull complete 
9ec1f1f78b0e: Pull complete 
4607fa685ac6: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:1c75ba7716c6f73fc106dacedfdcf13f934ea8c161c8b3b3e4618bcd5fbcf195 # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址

# 下面两个命令等价
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

# 指定版本下载
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
^[[15~5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
f003217c5aae: Already exists # 重复依赖不再下载
65d94f01a09f: Already exists 
43d78aaa6078: Already exists 
a0f91ffbdf69: Already exists 
59ee9e07e12f: Already exists 
04d82978082c: Already exists 
70f46ebb971a: Already exists 
ba61822c65c2: Pull complete 
dec59acdf78a: Pull complete 
0a05235a6981: Pull complete 
c87d621d6916: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:1a73b6a8f507639a8f91ed01ace28965f4f74bb62a9d9b9e7378d5f07fab79dc
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                  TAG               IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mysql                       5.7               f26e21ddd20d   9 days ago      450MB
mysql                       latest            667ee8fb158e   9 days ago      521MB
hello-world                 latest            feb5d9fea6a5   6 months ago    13.3kB

* docker rmi 删除镜像

[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker rmi -f   镜像id   # 删除指定的镜像
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker rmi -f   镜像id 镜像id   # 删除多个镜像
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部的镜像

容器命令

说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

docker pull centos

* 新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d            后台方式运行，ja nohup
-it           使用交互方式进行，进入容器查看内容
-p            指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
      -p ip:主机端口:容器端口
      -p 主机端口:容器端口 （常用）
      -p 容器端口
      容器端口
-P            随机指定端口(大写)

# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@3222c9af3e6a /]# ls  # 查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

# 从容器中退回主机
[root@3222c9af3e6a /]# exit
exit
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# ls
12311.txt.gz    1.txt     222.txt  3.txt    a1.txt  a3.txt  a5.txt  a7.txt  a9.txt     bzip2.txt.bz2  gzip.txt.gz  mulu1  testzip
123123.txt.bz2  2222.txt  2.txt    a10.txt  a2.txt  a4.txt  a6.txt  a8.txt  bzip2.txt  gzip.txt       muli1        mulu2

* 列出所有的运行的容器

# docker ps 命令
       # 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a     # 列出当前正在运行的容器，带出历史运行过的容器
-n=?   # 显示最近创建的容器
-q     # 只显示容器的编号

[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND     CREATED        STATUS      PORTS          NAMES
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND     CREATED        STATUS      PORTS          NAMES
3222c9af3e6a   centos         "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago  Exited (0)  2 minutes ago  tender_lederberg   
2307467c5bcd   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"    6 weeks ago    Exited (0)  6 weeks ago    brave_mccarthy

* 退出容器

exit   # 直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q  # 容器不停止退出

* 删除容器

docker rm 容器id           # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm  # 删除所有的容器

* 启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id        # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id     # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id        # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id          # 强制停止当前容器

常用其他命令

* 后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker run -d centos

# 问题 docker ps，发现centos停止了

# 常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就没有程序了

* 查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器，没有日志

# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo diandian;sleep 1;done"
3b5834825e654e40568cf7acd22955939933e3060532dd33509ea53cc6e54199
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                            COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                              NAMES
3b5834825e65   centos                           "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   3 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds                                                                      gracious_shtern

# 显示日志
-tf  #显示日志（-t显示时间戳）
--tail number  #显示日志条数
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 3b5834825e65

* 查看容器中的进程信息

# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker top 3b5834825e65
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                4597                4578                0                   09:23               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo diandian;sleep 1;done
root                10956               4597                0                   09:29               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

* 查看镜像的元数据

# 命令
docker inspect 容器id

# 测试
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker inspect 3b5834825e65
[
    {
        "Id": "3b5834825e654e40568cf7acd22955939933e3060532dd33509ea53cc6e54199",
        "Created": "2022-04-13T01:23:56.752578267Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo diandian;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 4597,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-04-13T01:23:57.074372054Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3b5834825e654e40568cf7acd22955939933e3060532dd33509ea53cc6e54199/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3b5834825e654e40568cf7acd22955939933e3060532dd33509ea53cc6e54199/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3b5834825e654e40568cf7acd22955939933e3060532dd33509ea53cc6e54199/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3b5834825e654e40568cf7acd22955939933e3060532dd33509ea53cc6e54199/3b5834825e654e40568cf7acd22955939933e3060532dd33509ea53cc6e54199-json.log",
        "Name": "/gracious_shtern",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7875b5153889356b2e86577a1090c7ad6e0c1ebcc1727ba321b30ed827f28a44-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/86b2f760bb54d0ac7426b2c588ef9e3edc79cb6a9c801ec75b51be61ddb8b57f/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7875b5153889356b2e86577a1090c7ad6e0c1ebcc1727ba321b30ed827f28a44/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7875b5153889356b2e86577a1090c7ad6e0c1ebcc1727ba321b30ed827f28a44/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7875b5153889356b2e86577a1090c7ad6e0c1ebcc1727ba321b30ed827f28a44/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "3b5834825e65",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo diandian;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "e3c7dfbfc4058fde4d0711129efb13e308458ef96b8ec306998d44c2d0bba56a",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/e3c7dfbfc405",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "fa4ef3535282bf1813bfe7d5403fa90c4f5abcc53b43d8fa911f2e0a344854e3",
            "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "9ef033d0714d330565e2eee726b0c6e4d7cb4830cfe56e46377bd007d24af518",
                    "EndpointID": "fa4ef3535282bf1813bfe7d5403fa90c4f5abcc53b43d8fa911f2e0a344854e3",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

* 进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
# 测试
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker exec -it 3b5834825e65 /bin/bash
[root@3b5834825e65 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@3b5834825e65 /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 Apr13 ?        00:00:27 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo diandian;sleep 1;done
root     21118     0  0 01:21 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root     21181 21118  0 01:22 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
root     21182     1  0 01:22 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ ~]# docker attach 3b5834825e65
正在执行当前的代码...

# docker exec    #进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach  # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

* 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径  目标主机路径

# 当前主机，拷贝文件
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ home]# docker cp 56338d1b7156:/home/diandian.java /home
[root@iZ2zei1yo0mi0ze1ngipksZ home]# ls
diandian.java

# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现，自动同步

小结

在这里插入图片描述

 attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  #当前shell下 attach连接指定运行的镜像
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过Dockerfile定制镜像
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes #提交当前容器为新的镜像
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem #拷贝文件
  create      Create a new container #创建一个新的容器
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem #查看docker容器的变化
  events      Get real time events from the server # 从服务获取容器实时时间
  exec        Run a command in a running container # 在运行中的容器上运行命令
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive #导出容器文件系统作为一个tar归档文件[对应import]
  history     Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史
  images      List images #列出系统当前的镜像
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image #从tar包中导入内容创建一个文件系统镜像
  info        Display system-wide information # 显示全系统信息
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects #查看容器详细信息
  kill        Kill one or more running containers # kill指定docker容器
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN #从一个tar包或标准输入中加载一个镜像[对应save]
  login       Log in to a Docker registry #
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

星行点点。

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【Docker-04】Docker的常用命令

帮助命令docker version # 显示docker的版本信息docker info # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量docker 命令 --help # 万能命令帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/搜索镜像地址：https://hub.docker.com/镜像命令docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像[root@iZ2zei1yo0
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