Spring 框架：几种声明Bean的方式

目录

1. xml声明

2. Java配置类

3. 注解

---

 

1. xml声明

通过xml文件将POJO配置成一个Bean，然后通过XmlApplicationContext读取配置。

package com.test; 
 
public class Employee {
    
    private String name;
 
    public String getName() { 
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) { 
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public void displayName() { 
        System.out.println(name);
    } 
 
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd">
 
    <bean id="employee" class="com.test.Employee">
        <property name="name" value="test spring"></property>
    </bean>
 
</beans>

package com.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class Customer {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Employee obj = (Employee) context.getBean("employee");
        obj.displayName(); 
    }
 
}

 

2. Java配置类

在Config类中通过方法配置Bean，然后通过AnnotationConfigApplicationContext读取配置。

public class BeanDeclaredInAppConfig {

    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("Hello, World from BeanDeclaredInAppConfig !");
    } 

}

package com.stackoverflow.documentation;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; 
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class AppConfig {

    @Bean
    public BeanDeclaredInAppConfig beanDeclaredInAppConfig() {
        return new BeanDeclaredInAppConfig(); 
    }

}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //initializing the Application Context once per application.
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

        BeanDeclaredInAppConfig beanDeclaredInAppConfig = applicationContext.getBean(BeanDeclaredInAppConfig.class);
        beanDeclaredInAppConfig.sayHello();
    }
}

 

3. 注解

通过注解的方式配置Bean，通过包扫描的方式注册Bean

这里通过@Component注解配置了一个Bean

@Component
public class BeanDeclaredByAnnotation {

    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("Hello, World from BeanDeclaredByAnnotation !");
    } 

}

配置类中开启包扫描@ComponentScan

package com.stackoverflow.documentation;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; 
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration 
@ComponentScan("com.stackoverflow.documentation") 
public class AppConfig {

}

可以通过Context获取Bean

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //initializing the Application Context once per application.
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

        BeanDeclaredByAnnotation beanDeclaredByAnnotation = applicationContext.getBean(BeanDeclaredByAnnotation.class);
        beanDeclaredByAnnotation.sayHello();
    }
}