查看最近一次启动时间
who -b
查看当前已登录用户
who
查询最近登录信息
last
查询指定用户的最近登录信息
last USERNAME
查看指令位置(只返回一条)
which xx
# 例如查看vi的位置
[~]$ which vi
alias vi='vim'
/bin/vim
查询指令位置(所有)
whereis xx
# 实例
[~]$ whereis vi
vi: /usr/bin/vi /usr/share/man/man1/vi.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1p/vi.1p.gz
文件行、词、字符计数器
wc xxx.txt
# 实例
[~]$ wc test.sh
11 32 171 test.sh
查看系统内核信息
uname -a
# 实例
(base) ~ % uname -a
Darwin xxx 19.3.0 Darwin Kernel Version 19.3.0: Thu Jan 9 20:58:23 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.81.5~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64
查看本次开机运行时间
uptime
针对排序后的文档去除重复行
sort example.txt | uniq
# 也可以对重复行进行计数
sort example.txt | uniq -c
对文本进行排序
sort example.txt
转换
# 将指定字符转换大小写
cat example.txt | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'
# 将空格转为换行
cat example.txt | tr ' ' '\n'
查看短文本时,带有行号
nl xxx.txt
# 修改行号样式
nl -s". " xxx.txt
查询指定进程
ps | grep 'xxx'
# 查询指定用户的进程
ps -u USERNAME
杀死进程
kill PID
# 强制
kill -9 PID
杀死所有相关进程
killall processname
列出可用打印设备
(base) ~ % lpq
RDPrinter准备就绪
无条目
打印文件
lpr xxx.txt
显示当前的时间
date
# 指定格式
[~]$ date +"%F %T"
2021-05-08 19:08:15
- %a 星期名的缩写(Sun)
- %A 星期名的全称(Sunday)
- %b 月份的缩写(Jan)
- %B 月份的全称(January)
- %c 日期和时间(Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
- %C 世纪,就是年份数省略后两位(20)
- %d 一个月的第几天(01)
- %D 日期,等同于
%m/%d/%y
- %e 一个月的第几天,用空格补零,等同于
%_d
- %F 完整的日期,等同于
%Y-%m-%d
- %g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
- %G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
- %h 等同于
%b
- %H 小时(00..23)
- %I 小时(01..12)
- %j day of year (001..366)
- %k hour ( 0..23)
- %l hour ( 1..12)
- %m month (01..12)
- %M minute (00..59)
- %N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
- %p locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
- %P like %p, but lower case
- %r locale’s 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
- %R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
- %s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
- %S second (00..60)
- %T time; same as %H:%M:%S
- %u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
- %U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
- %V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
- %w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
- %W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
- %x locale’s date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
- %X locale’s time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
- %y last two digits of year (00..99)
- %Y year
- %z +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)
- %:z +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)
- %::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
- %Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)
显示月历
[~]$ cal
查看文件类型
file index.html
查看当前运行的服务
service --status-all
# + 表示激活 -表示停止 ?表示不明确