文章目录
FactoryBean和BeanFactory区别
FactoryBean: 可以把我们Java实例Bean通过FacrotyBean注入到容器中
BeanFactory: 从容器中获取实例化后的Bean
1. 原始方式:通过XML装配Bean
- 创建maven项目
添加依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.enjoy</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-anno</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- 指定jdk版本 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<!-- 源码的编译器版本 -->
<source>1.8</source>
<!-- class的编译器版本 -->
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
- 配置beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="person" class="cap1.Person">
<property name="name" value="James"></property>
<property name="age" value="19"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
id就是Beans的名字
注意:Person类中必须要有默认构造函数
若没有需要这样配置
<bean id="person" class="cap1.Person">
<constructor-arg index="0" value=""/>
<constructor-arg index="1" value=""/>
<property name="name" value="James"></property>
<property name="age" value="19"></property>
</bean>
- 测试
package cap1;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
//IOC容器其实是一个很大的容器
public class MainTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//原始方法:通过XML装配bean
//把beans.xml的类加载到容器中
ApplicationContext app= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); //用它的接口来实现
//从容器中获取Bean
Person person = (Person) app.getBean("person");
System.out.println(person);
}
}
2. 通过注解的方式来装配Bean
- 配置文件
package cap2;
import cap1.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
//配置类==配置文件
@Configuration
public class MainConfig {
//给容器中注册一个bean,类型为返回值类型
//@Bean("abc")
//Beans名字上面没有指定就是方法名字,默认就是下面的方法名字
@Bean
public Person person1(){
return new Person("Wang",20);
}
}
- 测试
package cap2;
import cap1.Person;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class MainTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig.class);
//从容器中获取Bean
Person person = (Person) app.getBean("person1");
System.out.println(person);
String[] namesForBeans = app.getBeanNamesForType(Person.class);
for(String name: namesForBeans)
System.out.println(name);
}
3. 自动装配Bean
Spring从两个角度来实现自动化装配:
- 组件扫描(component scanning): Spring会从自动发现应用上下文中所创建的bean.
- 自动装配(autowiring):Spring自动满足bean之间的依赖。
组件扫描和自动装配组合在一起就能发挥出强大的威力,它们能够将你的显示配置降低到最少。
- controller
package cap3.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
@Controller
public class OrderController {
}
- dao
package cap3.dao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
//数据库
@Repository
public class OrderDao {
}
- service
package cap3.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class OrderService {
}
- 测试类
import cap3.config.Cap3Config;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class Cap3Test {
@Test
public void test01(){
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Cap3Config.class);
String[] namesForBeans = app.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for(String name: namesForBeans)
System.out.println(name);
}
}
注解扫描
- 配置类
有这些注解的类都会被扫描进来:@Controller, @Serivce, @Repository, @Component
package cap3.config;
import cap1.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
@Configuration
//扫描cap3包下的注解组件
@ComponentScan(value = "cap3", excludeFilters = {
@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, classes = {Controller.class})
}, useDefaultFilters = true) //扫描组件,使用自定义扫描
public class Cap3Config {
@Bean
public Person person01(){
return new Person("wangjian",20);
}
}
结果:排除Controller注解的组件
package cap3.config;
import cap1.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
@Configuration
//扫描cap3包下的注解组件
@ComponentScan(value = "cap3", includeFilters = {
@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, classes = {Controller.class})
}, useDefaultFilters = false) //扫描组件,不使用自定义扫描
public class Cap3Config {
@Bean
public Person person01(){
return new Person("wangjian",20);
}
}
结果:
类型扫描
package cap3.config;
import cap1.Person;
import cap3.controller.OrderController;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = "cap3", includeFilters = {
@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE, classes = {OrderController.class})
}, useDefaultFilters = false) //扫描组件,使用注解类型
public class Cap3Config {
@Bean
public Person person01(){
return new Person("wangjian",20);
}
}
自定义扫描
文件目录结构
- 自定义类型 JamesTypeFilter
package cap3.config;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;
import org.springframework.core.type.ClassMetadata;
import org.springframework.core.type.classreading.MetadataReader;
import org.springframework.core.type.classreading.MetadataReaderFactory;
import org.springframework.core.type.filter.TypeFilter;
import java.io.IOException;
public class JamesTypeFilter implements TypeFilter {
private ClassMetadata classMetadata;
/*
MetadataReader:读取到当前正在扫描类的信息
MetadataReaderFactory:可以获取到其他任何类的信息
*/
@Override
public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory) throws IOException {
//获取当前的注解信息
AnnotationMetadata am = metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata();
//获取当前正在扫描的注解信息
classMetadata = metadataReader.getClassMetadata();
//获取当前类资源(类的路径)
Resource resource = metadataReader.getResource();
String className = classMetadata.getClassName();
System.out.println("----->" + className);
if(className.contains("Order"))
return true;
return false;
}
}
- 配置文件设置
package cap3.config;
import cap1.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = "cap3", includeFilters = {
@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = {JamesTypeFilter.class})
}, useDefaultFilters = false) //扫描组件
public class Cap3Config {
@Bean
public Person person01(){
return new Person("wangjian",20);
}
}
结果:
- 指定ComponentScan可以被ComponentScans作为数组使用
@ComponentScans(value = { @ComponentScan(value = "cap1"),
@ComponentScan(value = "cap3", includeFilters = {
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, value = ColorBeanLoadFilter.class) }) })
public class MainConfig {
@Bean(name = "pers", initMethod = "init", destroyMethod = "destory")
public Person person() {
return new Person();
}
}
4. Scope扫描规则
- IOC容器:
多实例:仅当bean被使用的时候才创建
单实例:创建IOC容器的时候实例Bean就被创建(默认)
创建两个实例用“==”验证
package cap3.config;
import cap1.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = "cap3", includeFilters = {
@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = {JamesTypeFilter.class})
}, useDefaultFilters = false)
public class Cap3Config {
/**
* prototype:多实例 ,IOC容器启动的时候,IOC容器启动并不会调用方法创建对象,而是每次获取的时候才会调用方法创建对象,然后把对象放进容器
* singleton:单实例(默认):IOC容器启动的时候会调用方法创建对象放进IOC容器中,以后每次获取的就是从容器中(大MAP)拿到的同一个对象
* request: 主要针对web应用,递交一次请求创建一个实例
* sessio:同一个session创建一个实例
*/
@Scope("prototype")
@Bean("abc")
public Person person(){
return new Person("wangjian",20);
}
}
5. 懒加载
- 无懒加载
package cap4;
import cap1.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = "cap4")
public class Cap4MainConfig {
@Bean("abc")
public Person person(){
System.out.println("给容器中添加person.....");
return new Person("wangjian",20);
}
}
- 测试
import cap4.Cap4MainConfig;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class Cap4Test {
@Test
public void test01(){
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Cap4MainConfig.class);
System.out.println("IOC容器初始化完成");
Object abc = app.getBean("abc");
}
}
结果:
- 懒加载
package cap4;
import cap1.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = "cap4")
public class Cap4MainConfig {
/**
* 懒加载:主要针对单实例Bean:默认在容器启的时候创建对象,容器启动时候不创建对象,仅当第一次使用(获取)bean的时候才创建被初始化
* @return
*/
@Lazy
@Bean("abc")
public Person person(){
System.out.println("给容器中添加person.....");
return new Person("wangjian",20);
}
}
结果:
6. @Conditional条件注册Bean
IOC就是对我们Bean进行管理:bean注册 实例化 管理
需求:运行测试用例时,若操作系统时Windows则让张三这个对象实例到容器中;若是Linux,则把李四这个对象实例放到容器中
- WinCondition.java
package cap5;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;
public class WinCondition implements Condition {
/**
*
* @param conditionContext : 判断条件可以使用的上下文(环境)
* @param annotatedTypeMetadata: 注解信息
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean matches(ConditionContext conditionContext, AnnotatedTypeMetadata annotatedTypeMetadata) {
//TODO 是否为WINDOWS
//能获取到IOC容器正在时用的BeanFactory
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = conditionContext.getBeanFactory();
//获取当前环境变量(包括我们操作系统时WIN还是Linux??)
Environment environment = conditionContext.getEnvironment();
String os_name = environment.getProperty("os.name");
if(os_name.contains("Windows"))
return true;
return false;
}
}
- LinuxCondition.java
package cap5;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;
public class LinuxCondition implements Condition {
/**
*
* @param conditionContext : 判断条件可以使用的上下文(环境)
* @param annotatedTypeMetadata: 注解信息
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean matches(ConditionContext conditionContext, AnnotatedTypeMetadata annotatedTypeMetadata) {
//TODO 是否为WINDOWS
//能获取到IOC容器正在时用的BeanFactory
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = conditionContext.getBeanFactory();
//获取当前环境变量(包括我们操作系统时WIN还是Linux??)
Environment environment = conditionContext.getEnvironment();
String os_name = environment.getProperty("os.name");
if(os_name.contains("Linux"))
return true;
return false;
}
}
- Cap5MainConfig
package cap5;
import cap1.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class Cap5MainConfig {
@Bean("person")
public Person person(){
System.out.println("将Person添加到容器中。。。。。。");
return new Person("person",20);
}
@Conditional(value = WinCondition.class)
@Bean("zhangsan")
public Person zhangsan(){
System.out.println("将张三添加到容器中。。。。。。");
return new Person("zhangsan",60);
}
@Conditional(value = LinuxCondition.class)
@Bean("lisi") //bean在容器中的ID为lisi,IOC容器为MAP,map.put("id",value)
public Person lisi(){
System.out.println("将李四添加到容器中。。。。。。");
return new Person("lisi",100);
}
}
- Cap5Test
import cap5.Cap5MainConfig;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class Cap5Test {
@Test
public void test01() {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Cap5MainConfig.class);
System.out.println("IOC容器初始化完成");
}
}
实验结果:张三注入到Windows
实验结果:李四注入到Linux中
7. @Import注册Bean
- 配置类
package Cap6;
import Cap6.bean.Cat;
import Cap6.bean.Dog;
import cap1.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
@Configuration
@Import(value = {Dog.class, Cat.class})
public class Cap6MainConfig {
/**
* 给容器中注册组件的方式
* 1. @Bean: 导入第三方类或包的组件
* 2. 包扫描+组件的标注注解(@ComponentScan: @Controller, @Service, @Repository, @Component), 一般是针对我们自己写的类,使用这个
* 3. @Import:快速给容器导入一个组件
* a.@Import(要导入到容器中的组件):容器会自动注册这个组件,bean的id为全类名
* 4. 使用Spring提供的Factory(工厂Bean)进行注册
* 注意:@Bean有点简单
* @return
*/
//容器启动时初始化Person的Bean实例
@Bean("person")
public Person person1(){
return new Person("Wang",20);
}
}
- 测试
import Cap6.Cap6MainConfig;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class Cap6Test {
@Test
public void test01() {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Cap6MainConfig.class);
System.out.println("IOC容器初始化完成");
String[] beanDefinitionNames = app.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for(String name: beanDefinitionNames)
System.out.println(name);
}
}
Selector:
b. ImportSelector:是一个接口,返回需要导入到容器的组件的全类名数组
- WangImportConfig.java
package Cap6;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportSelector;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;
public class WangImportSelect implements ImportSelector {
@Override
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
//返回全类名
return new String[]{"cap6.bean.Fish","cap6.bean.Tiger"};
}
}
- 配置类:
package Cap6;
import Cap6.bean.Cat;
import Cap6.bean.Dog;
import cap1.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
@Configuration
@Import(value = {Dog.class, Cat.class, WangImportSelect.class})
public class Cap6MainConfig {
/**
* 给容器中注册组件的方式
* 1. @Bean: 导入第三方类或包的组件
* 2. 包扫描+组件的标注注解(@ComponentScan: @Controller, @Service, @Repository, @Component), 一般是针对我们自己写的类,使用这个
* 3. @Import:快速给容器导入一个组件
* b. ImportSelector:是一个接口,返回需要导入到容器的组件的全类名数组
* 注意:@Bean有点简单
* @return
*/
//容器启动时初始化Person的Bean实例
@Bean("person")
public Person person1(){
return new Person("Wang",20);
}
}
- 测试类:
import Cap6.Cap6MainConfig;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class Cap6Test {
@Test
public void test01() {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Cap6MainConfig.class);
System.out.println("IOC容器初始化完成");
String[] beanDefinitionNames = app.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for(String name: beanDefinitionNames)
System.out.println(name);
}
}
结果:
ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar:
c. ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar:可以手动添加组件到IOC容器,所有Bean注册可以使用BeanDifinitionRegistry写WangImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar实现ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口即可
package cap6;
import cap6.bean.Pig;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;
public class WangImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {
/**
*
* @param annotationMetadata: 当前类的注解信息
* @param beanDefinitionRegistry:BeanDefinition注册类
* 把所有需要添加到容器中的bean加入;
*/
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry beanDefinitionRegistry) {
boolean b1 = beanDefinitionRegistry.containsBeanDefinition("cap6.bean.Dog");
boolean b2 = beanDefinitionRegistry.containsBeanDefinition("cap6.bean.Cat");
//如果Dog和Cat同时存在于我们的IOC容器中,那么创建Pig类,加入到容器
//对于我们要注册的bean,给bean进行封装
if(b1 && b2) {
RootBeanDefinition rootBeanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(Pig.class);
beanDefinitionRegistry.registerBeanDefinition("pig", rootBeanDefinition);
}
}
}
package cap6;
import cap6.bean.Cat;
import cap6.bean.Dog;
import cap1.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
@Configuration
@Import(value = {Dog.class, Cat.class, WangImportSelect.class, WangImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class})
public class Cap6MainConfig {
/**
* 给容器中注册组件的方式
* 1. @Bean: 导入第三方类或包的组件
* 2. 包扫描+组件的标注注解(@ComponentScan: @Controller, @Service, @Repository, @Component), 一般是针对我们自己写的类,使用这个
* 3. @Import:快速给容器导入一个组件
* c. ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar:可以手动添加组件到IOC容器,所有Bean注册可以使用BeanDifinitionRegistry
写WangImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar实现ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口即可
* 注意:@Bean有点简单
* @return
*/
//容器启动时初始化Person的Bean实例
@Bean("person")
public Person person1(){
return new Person("Wang",20);
}
}
FactoryBean接口实现
- 使用Spring提供的Factory(工厂Bean)进行注册
- WangFactoryBean.class
package cap6;
import cap6.bean.Monkey;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
public class WangFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Monkey> {
@Override
public Monkey getObject() throws Exception {
return new Monkey();
}
@Override
public Class<?> getObjectType() {
return Monkey.class;
}
//单实例还是多实例
@Override
public boolean isSingleton() {
return false;
}
}
- 配置
package cap6;
import cap6.bean.Cat;
import cap6.bean.Dog;
import cap1.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
@Configuration
@Import(value = {Dog.class, Cat.class, WangImportSelect.class, WangImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class})
public class Cap6MainConfig {
/**
* 给容器中注册组件的方式
* 1. @Bean: 导入第三方类或包的组件
* 注意:@Bean有点简单
* 2. 包扫描+组件的标注注解(@ComponentScan: @Controller, @Service, @Repository, @Component), 一般是针对我们自己写的类,使用这个
* 3. @Import:快速给容器导入一个组件
* 4. 使用Spring提供的Factory(工厂Bean)进行注册
* @return
*/
//容器启动时初始化Person的Bean实例
@Bean("person")
public Person person1(){
return new Person("Wang",20);
}
@Bean
public WangFactoryBean wangFactoryBean(){
return new WangFactoryBean();
}
}
- 测试类
import cap6.Cap6MainConfig;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class Cap6Test {
@Test
public void test01() {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Cap6MainConfig.class);
System.out.println("IOC容器初始化完成");
Object bean1 = app.getBean("wangFactoryBean");
System.out.println("Bean的类型=" + bean1.getClass());
String[] beanDefinitionNames = app.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for(String name: beanDefinitionNames)
System.out.println(name);
}
}
- 结果:
populate(bean property) //属性初始化
initionlation(bean)
BeanFactory 获取bean 创建Bean
ComponentScan 扫描组件