视图触发器设计

一、INSTEAD OF 触发器的主要优点：
1.可以使不能更新的视图支持更新。基于多个基表的视图必须使用 INSTEAD OF 触发器来支持引用多个表中数据的插入、更新和删除操作。
2.使您得以编写这样的逻辑代码：在允许批处理的其他部分成功的同时拒绝批处理中的某些部分。
（对于含有使用 DELETE 或 UPDATE 级联操作定义的外键的表，不能定义 INSTEAD OF DELETE 和 INSTEAD OF UPDATE 触发器。）

二、案例分析：
创建两个基表、一个视图、一个记录重复数据的表和视图上的 INSTEAD OF 触发器。以下表将个人数据和业务数据分开并且是视图的基表。
CREATE TABLE Person
(
SSN char(11) PRIMARY KEY,
Name nvarchar(100),
Address nvarchar(100),
Birthdate datetime
)

CREATE TABLE EmployeeTable
(
EmployeeID int PRIMARY KEY,
SSN char(11) UNIQUE,
Department nvarchar(10),
Salary money,
CONSTRAINT FKEmpPer FOREIGN KEY (SSN)
REFERENCES Person (SSN)
)
下面的视图使用两个表中的关联数据建立报表。
CREATE VIEW Employee AS
SELECT P.SSN as SSN, Name, Address,
Birthdate, EmployeeID, Department, Salary
FROM Person P, EmployeeTable E
WHERE P.SSN = E.SSN

可记录对插入具有重复的社会保障号的行的尝试。PersonDuplicates 表记录插入的值、尝试插入的用户的姓名和插入的时间。
CREATE TABLE PersonDuplicates
(
SSN char(11),
Name nvarchar(100),
Address nvarchar(100),
Birthdate datetime,
InsertSNAME nchar(100),
WhenInserted datetime
)
INSTEAD OF 触发器将行插入到单个视图的多个基表中。在 PersonDuplicates 表中记录了插入具有重复社会保障号的行的尝试。EmployeeTable 中的重复行将更改为更新语句。
CREATE TRIGGER IO_Trig_INS_Employee ON Employee
INSTEAD OF INSERT
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
-- Check for duplicate Person. If there is no duplicate, do an insert.
IF (NOT EXISTS (SELECT P.SSN
FROM Person P, inserted I
WHERE P.SSN = I.SSN))
INSERT INTO Person
SELECT SSN,Name,Address,Birthdate
FROM inserted
ELSE
-- Log an attempt to insert duplicate Person row in PersonDuplicates table.
INSERT INTO PersonDuplicates
SELECT SSN,Name,Address,Birthdate,SUSER_SNAME(),GETDATE()
FROM inserted
-- Check for duplicate Employee. If no there is duplicate, do an INSERT.
IF (NOT EXISTS (SELECT E.SSN
FROM EmployeeTable E, inserted
WHERE E.SSN = inserted.SSN))
INSERT INTO EmployeeTable
SELECT EmployeeID,SSN, Department, Salary
FROM inserted
ELSE
--If there is a duplicate, change to UPDATE so that there will not
--be a duplicate key violation error.
UPDATE EmployeeTable
SET EmployeeID = I.EmployeeID,
Department = I.Department,
Salary = I.Salary
FROM EmployeeTable E, inserted I
WHERE E.SSN = I.SSN
END

由于简要叙述视图触发器特点，故该案例从网上摘取