Spring Cloud Alibaba 系列之 Seata 分布式事务 demo

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-06 17:43:14 发布

Demo_Null

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-06 17:43:14 发布

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分类专栏： Spring Cloud 文章标签：分布式 spring boot 数据库 mysql spring cloud alibaba

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Demo_Null/article/details/110518790

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1.1 概述

在上一篇博客《Spring Cloud Alibaba 系列之 Seata 介绍》介绍了 Seata，在这一篇中我们来看看怎么使用。以一个用户购买商品的微服务示例开始，整个业务逻辑由3个微服务提供支持：仓储服务：对给定的商品扣除仓储数量。订单服务：根据采购需求创建订单。帐户服务：从用户帐户中扣除余额。

在这里插入图片描述

1.2 创建模块

☞ 创建数据库

每一个服务都对应自己的数据库，这里使用 JPA 自动创建表，另外每个库都需要单独的回滚日志表，建表语句如下。

CREATE TABLE `undo_log` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `xid` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `context` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
  `rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL,
  `log_status` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `log_created` datetime NOT NULL,
  `log_modified` datetime NOT NULL,
  `ext` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

☞ 相关依赖

<properties>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <spring-boot.version>2.3.4.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
    <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.2.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR8</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

☞ 配置文件

除了添加 application.yml 以外还需要添加 file.conf 以及 registry.conf 两个文件

# application.yml
server:
  port: 8081

spring:
  application:
    name: order-server
  cloud:
    alibaba:
      seata:
        # 自定义事务组名称需要与 seata-server 中的对应
        tx-service-group: my_seata_tx_group
    nacos:
      discovery:
        # 服务端地址
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
  datasource:
    # mysql 驱动 6.0 以上使用如下配置
    driverClassName: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/order?serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    database: MySQL
    show-sql: true
    generate-ddl: true
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update # 没有表创建表，有表更新表
      naming:
        physical-strategy: org.springframework.boot.orm.jpa.hibernate.SpringPhysicalNamingStrategy  # 命名策略

# file.conf
transport {
  # tcp udt unix-domain-socket
  type = "TCP"
  #NIO NATIVE
  server = "NIO"
  #enable heartbeat
  heartbeat = true
  # the client batch send request enable
  enableClientBatchSendRequest = true
  #thread factory for netty
  threadFactory {
    bossThreadPrefix = "NettyBoss"
    workerThreadPrefix = "NettyServerNIOWorker"
    serverExecutorThread-prefix = "NettyServerBizHandler"
    shareBossWorker = false
    clientSelectorThreadPrefix = "NettyClientSelector"
    clientSelectorThreadSize = 1
    clientWorkerThreadPrefix = "NettyClientWorkerThread"
    # netty boss thread size,will not be used for UDT
    bossThreadSize = 1
    #auto default pin or 8
    workerThreadSize = "default"
  }
  shutdown {
    # when destroy server, wait seconds
    wait = 3
  }
  serialization = "seata"
  compressor = "none"
}
service {
  #transaction service group mapping
  #
  # 改成对应的, 与添加到 nacos 的保持一致
  #
  vgroupMapping.my_seata_tx_group = "default"
  #only support when registry.type=file, please don't set multiple addresses
  default.grouplist = "127.0.0.1:8091"
  #degrade, current not support
  enableDegrade = false
  #disable seata
  disableGlobalTransaction = false
}

client {
  rm {
    asyncCommitBufferLimit = 10000
    lock {
      retryInterval = 10
      retryTimes = 30
      retryPolicyBranchRollbackOnConflict = true
    }
    reportRetryCount = 5
    tableMetaCheckEnable = false
    reportSuccessEnable = false
    sagaBranchRegisterEnable = false
  }
  tm {
    commitRetryCount = 5
    rollbackRetryCount = 5
    degradeCheck = false
    degradeCheckPeriod = 2000
    degradeCheckAllowTimes = 10
  }
  undo {
    dataValidation = true
    onlyCareUpdateColumns = true
    logSerialization = "jackson"
    logTable = "undo_log"
  }
  log {
    exceptionRate = 100
  }
}

# registry.conf
registry {
  # file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
  type = "nacos"
  loadBalance = "RandomLoadBalance"
  loadBalanceVirtualNodes = 10

  nacos {
    application = "seata-server"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    namespace = ""
    cluster = "default"
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  eureka {
    serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
    application = "default"
    weight = "1"
  }
  redis {
    serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
    db = 0
    password = ""
    cluster = "default"
    timeout = 0
  }
  zk {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    sessionTimeout = 6000
    connectTimeout = 2000
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  consul {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  etcd3 {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  sofa {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
    application = "default"
    region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
    datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
    cluster = "default"
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    addressWaitTime = "3000"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}

config {
  # file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3
  type = "file"

  nacos {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
    namespace = ""
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  consul {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  apollo {
    appId = "seata-server"
    apolloMeta = "http://192.168.1.204:8801"
    namespace = "application"
    apolloAccesskeySecret = ""
  }
  zk {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    sessionTimeout = 6000
    connectTimeout = 2000
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  etcd3 {
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}

☞ 实体类

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 *
 * @author Demo_Null
 * @date 2020/12/3
 * @description 订单实体类
 */
@Data
public class Order implements Serializable {

    private static final long SerialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy= GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    // 商品 id
    private Long productId;

    // 商品价格
    private Integer productPrice;

    // 商品数量
    private Integer productNum;

    // 是否付款
    private Boolean flag;
}

☞ 持久层

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 *
 * @author Demo_Null
 * @date 2020/12/3
 * @description
 */
public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Orders, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Orders> {
}

☞ service

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 *
 * @author Demo_Null
 * @date 2020/12/3
 * @description OrderService 接口
 */
public interface OrderService {
    // 创建订单
    void create(Orders orders);
}

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 *
 * @author Demo_Null
 * @date 2020/12/3
 * @description OrderService 实现类
 */
@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private OrderDao orderDao;

    @Resource
    private AccountService accountService;

    @Resource
    private StorageService storageService;

    @Override
    public void create(Orders orders) {
        log.info("###### 开始创建订单 ######");
        orders.setFlag(false);
        Orders save = orderDao.save(orders);
        log.info("###### 结束创建订单 ######");

        log.info("###### 开始减库存 ######");
        storageService.deduct(save.getProductId(), save.getProductNum());
        log.info("###### 结束减库存 ######");

        log.info("###### 开始减余额 ######");
        accountService.debit(save.getUserId(), save.getProductPrice());
        log.info("###### 结束减余额 ######");

        log.info("###### 开始修改订单状态 ######");
        save.setFlag(true);
        orderDao.save(save);
        log.info("###### 结束修改订单状态 ######");
    }
}

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 *
 * @author Demo_Null
 * @date 2020/12/3
 * @description account-server 远程调用
 */ 
@Component
@FeignClient("account-server")
public interface AccountService {
    // 扣减余额
    @PostMapping("/account/debit")
    void debit(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId, @RequestParam("money") Integer money);
}

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 *
 * @author Demo_Null
 * @date 2020/12/3
 * @description storage-server 远程调用
 */
@Component
@FeignClient("storage-server")
public interface StorageService {
    // 扣减库存
    @PostMapping("/storage/deduct")
    void deduct(@RequestParam("id") Long id, @RequestParam("count") Integer count);
}

☞ controller

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 *
 * @author Demo_Null
 * @date 2020/12/3
 * @description
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    @GetMapping("/create")
    public String create(Orders orders) {
        orderService.create(orders);
        return "创建成功";
    }
}

☞ seata 代理数据源

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 *
 * @author gaohu9712@163.com
 * @date 2020/12/3
 * @description
 */
@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    public DruidDataSource druidDataSource() {
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }

    /**
     * 需要将 DataSourceProxy 设置为主数据源，否则事务无法回滚
     *
     * @param druidDataSource The DruidDataSource
     * @return The default datasource
     */
    @Primary
    @Bean("dataSource")
    public DataSource dataSource(DruidDataSource druidDataSource) {
        return new DataSourceProxy(druidDataSource);
    }

	// 如果使用 MyBatis 还需要额外注入 org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory
    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactoryBean(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTransactionFactory(new SpringManagedTransactionFactory());
        return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
    }
}

☞ 项目结构

博客中只构建 order 模块，另外两个模块构建方式类似，请自行构建或下载源码 ☞ GitHub
在这里插入图片描述

1.3 无分布式事务测试

当订单创建成功后，准备扣减库存时发生错误，若此时没有分布式事务可能会造成订单创建了，库存没有减的问题，此类问题比比皆是。如不使用分布式事务简直就是一场灾难，当然你也可以只使用一个库。
在这里插入图片描述

1.4 使用分布式事务

我们只需要使用一个 @GlobalTransactional 注解在业务方法上就可以实现分布式事务。
在这里插入图片描述

@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private OrderDao orderDao;

    @Resource
    private AccountService accountService;

    @Resource
    private StorageService storageService;

    @Override
    @GlobalTransactional
    public void create(Orders orders) {
        log.info("###### 开始创建订单 ######");
        orders.setFlag(false);
        Orders save = orderDao.save(orders);
        log.info("###### 结束创建订单 ######");

        log.info("###### 开始减库存 ######");
        storageService.deduct(save.getProductId(), save.getProductNum());
        log.info("###### 结束减库存 ######");

        log.info("###### 开始减余额 ######");
        accountService.debit(save.getUserId(), save.getProductPrice());
        log.info("###### 结束减余额 ######");

        log.info("###### 开始修改订单状态 ######");
        save.setFlag(true);
        orderDao.save(save);
        log.info("###### 结束修改订单状态 ######");
    }
}